核固红-溴酸钾催化光度法测定痕量亚硝酸根

在盐酸介质中,亚硝酸根催化溴酸钾氧化核固红,使得核固红在 520 nm处的吸光度明显下降,从而建立了催化光度法测量痕量亚硝酸根的新方法,方法的线性范围为 5× 10-5-50× 10-5 g/L,检出限为 1.27× 10-5 g/L.方法已用于蔬菜中痕量亚硝酸根的测量.     

互联网新技术探索

Internet与人们的生活越来越密切，介绍了未来Internet发展的方向与趋势。     

两步纯化溶液法制备高纯氢氧化铝粉

以工业氢氧化铝和硫酸为原料,采用两步纯化溶液法制得了纯度为99.99%的氢氧化铝粉.此外,对活性炭和离子交换树脂对溶液的纯化效果,以及有屏蔽剂A存在时pH值对铁离子平衡浓度的影响进行了研究.研究结果表明:活性炭、吸附树脂、强碱性、弱碱性阴离子交换树脂纯化溶液的效果较差,螯合树脂Da纯化溶液的效果最好,其饱和容量大约是树脂体积的6倍;当没有屏蔽剂存在时,约有80%的铁离子以沉淀析出;当有屏蔽剂A存在时,在pH值为5时只有4.02%的铁离子以沉淀析出,在pH值为6.5时有16.41%的铁离子以沉淀析出,达到了用屏蔽剂阻止杂质离子析出的二次纯化的目的.     

Interaction of mitochondrial porin with cytosolic proteins

Summary Intracellular phosphorylation is an important step in active uptake and utilization of carbohydrates. For example glucose and glycerol enter the liver, cell along the extra intracellular gradient by facilitated diffusion through specific carriers and are concentrated inside the cell by phosphorylation via hexokinase or glycerol kinase. Depending on the function of the respective tissue the uptake of carbohydrates serves different metabolic purposes. In brain and kidney medulla cells which depend on carbohydrates, glucose and glycerol are taken up according to the energy demand. However, in tissues such as muscle which synthesize glycogen or like liver which additionally produce fat from glucose, the uptake of carbohydrates has to be regulated according to the availability of glucose and glycerol. How the reversible coupling of the kinases to the outer membrane pore and the mitochondrial ATP serves to fulfil these specific requirements will be explained as well as how this regulates the carbohydrate uptake in brain according to the activity of the oxidative phosphorylation and how this allows glucose uptake in liver, and muscle to persist in the presence of high glucose 6-phosphate without activating the rate of glycolysis.     

Sister chromatid exchanges in lymphocytes of normal and alcoholic subjects

The effects of alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking and age on sister chromatid exchangen (SCE) frequency in human lymphocytes were assessed by means of multiple linear regression. An increase in SCE rates was associated with alcohol consumption (p=0.0001), smoking (p=0.0231), and, to a small extent (p=0.057), age. These three confounding factors explain 48% of the inter-personal variation in SCE rates among subjects studied.We are grateful to Dr D. Krapavickaité for performing, the statistical analysis, and to Mrs V. Navickiené for technical assistance. We also wish to thank Dr B. Lambert (Stockholm, Sweden) for his valuable suggestions.     

不同生态系统呼吸模型在半干旱草原生长季碳循环研究中的比较及应用

利用锡林浩特国家气候观象台涡度协方差通量观测系统记录的湍流数据和土壤温度、湿度数据, 分析2010-2012年锡林郭勒半干旱区针茅草原生态系统的呼吸过程及主要气候影响因子, 探讨以土壤温度和土壤体积比含水量(VWC)为计算参数的3种连乘形式的呼吸模型和Q₁₀呼吸模型在该生态系统的适用性, 在此基础上讨论该生态系统生长季净碳交换速率(NEE)、呼吸速率(R_eco)以及总初级生产力(GPP)的年际变化特征。该草原生态系统的呼吸作用受土壤温度和土壤含水量的共同影响, 其中土壤含水量是重要的限制因子。2010和2011年, 生长季降水量偏少, 该生态系统受到一定程度的干旱胁迫, 当土壤含水量处于12%~20%区间时, 呼吸速率随其升高而显著增加, 而当土壤含水量<12%或>20%时, 呼吸速率对其变化不敏感; 2012年降水充沛, 呼吸速率与土壤温度的变化趋势相关性更显著。4种呼吸模型的拟合结果表明, Q₁₀模型的表现(R²=0.64)优于其他3 种连乘模型。使用Q₁₀模型模拟的2010, 2011和2012年生长季呼吸作用的累积碳交换量分别为157.32, 138.75和 246.32 gC/m²。该草原生态系统在这3年生长季中均表现出较显著的碳汇功能, 净碳交换累积总量分别为−110.28, −68.79和−310.05 gC/m², 总初级生产力累积总量分别为267.52, 207.57和555.85 gC/m²。干旱胁迫对光合作用的影响大于呼吸作用, 与总初级生产力和呼吸作用相比, 净碳交换量的年际差异更明显。     

Central electron-enriched NO-FeN4 sites as superior acidic oxygen reduction reaction electrocatalysts for proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Developing nobel-metal-free catalysts, especially for iron-nitrogen on carbon (FeNC) materials, has been an urgent demand for wide applications of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). However, the inferior oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity of traditional iron-nitrogen sites in acidic conditions seriously impedes the further improvement of their performance. Herein, we synthesized FeN₄ with NO (nitric oxide) group axial modification (denoted as NO-FeN₄) on a large scale through a confined small molecule synthesis strategy. Benefitting from the strong electron-withdrawing effect of the NO group, the central electron-rich FeN₄ site exhibits ultrahigh ORR activity with a three times higher mass activity (1.1 A·g?1 at 0.85 V) compared to the traditional FeN₄ sample, as well as full four-electron reaction selectivity. Moreover, the PEMFC assembled with the as-prepared electrocatalyst also exhibits a greatly enhanced peak power density (>725 mW·cm?2). This work provides a new approach to rationally design advanced M-N_x nonnoble electrocatalysts for the ORR.     

扩散层孔隙率对平行流场 PEMFC 性能影响研究

为了研究扩散层孔隙率对质子交换膜燃料电池的性能影响,采用计算流体动力学商业软件 ANSYS Fluent在不同扩散层孔隙率(0. 3、0. 5、0. 7)的条件下,对传统平行流场和斜坡平行流场的性能曲线、气体浓度分布、液态 水分布进行数值模拟分析;结果表明:在高电位下各案例对应的性能差异较小,在中低电位性能差异较大,随着扩散层孔隙率越大,质子交换膜燃料电池性能越好,且孔隙率在 0. 3~ 0. 5 时电流密度增长率最大,最大可达 9. 03%;当扩散层孔隙率较高时,有利于反应气体穿过扩散层,使得催化层氧气浓度增大,促进了燃料电池内部的电化学反应;随着扩散层孔隙的增大,能够更有效地促进反应气体的传输,流道内水含量越高,越有利于液态水的排出;相比传统平行流场,斜坡平行流场电池性能更好,氧气分布更均匀,流道中气体流速更大,排水效果更好,且孔隙率为0. 7 时电流密度增长率最大,最大可达 28. 79%。     

交换机数据库维护人机界面的一个通用平台

基于某种大型局用程控交换机数据库维护工作原理，详细分析了交换机数据库的内容和结构，在定义和实现数据流与字符串相互转换类基础上，根据数据表特征描述文件，自动生成程控交换机数据库维护界面，其外观风格一致、数据配置灵活，具有很好的通用性，在实际使用中取得了很好的效果．这种设计思想适用于结构复杂、工作方式灵活的应用系统设计．     

非灰气体中段法辐射全交换面积的推导

把描述非灰气体辐射特性的指数宽带模型引入段法，跟踪模拟各谱带的射能在段间的传递，然后合成整个光谱的辐射全交换面积，推导了各分量矩阵的求算以及总矩阵的合成。