三七多糖的微波辅助提取工艺

采用正交试验法优化了三七多糖的微波提取工艺,采用激光粒度分析法探讨了提取机理,分析了多糖的单糖组成,并测定了多糖的溶解性。三七多糖的较佳微波辅助提取工艺条件为微波处理时间8min、浸泡时间60min、液固比30mL/g、粒度200目。微波辅助提取的多糖提取率(21.0mg/g)显著高于传统提取(12.7mg/g)。三七多糖的Molish反应呈阳性,多糖酸水解产物的薄层色谱呈现出3个斑点,分别与葡萄糖、半乳糖和阿拉伯糖相对应。微波辅助提取对三七多糖的提取效果明显优于传统提取,其机理可能是微波处理促进了三七样品的水化和溶胀过程,使样品结构变得松散、膨胀,从而促进了多糖从样品中扩散和溶出。三七多糖主要由葡萄糖、半乳糖和阿拉伯糖3种单糖构成,pH值对其溶解性影响较大。     

木枣多糖的理化特性研究

木枣经超声波辅助酸性缓冲液浸提、醇沉、脱蛋白和脱色工艺制得木枣多糖,测定其溶解性与单糖组成,采用Q2000型差示扫描量热仪和ZX7M-AR1000型流变仪研究木枣多糖的稳定性和流变性,为其在食品工业中的应用提供理论数据支持。实验结果表明,木枣多糖溶于热水,难溶于冷水,不溶于有机试剂；是由鼠李糖、阿拉伯糖、甘露糖、葡萄糖、半乳糖组成的杂多糖。热学特征分析表明木枣多糖具有较好的热稳定性；木枣多糖溶液为非牛顿假塑性流体,表现出剪切变稀的特性；因此木枣多糖适用于在食品生产工业中做稳定剂。     

光生物反应器和跑道式循环生物反应器对荒漠藻类生物量和多糖产量的影响

采用光生物反应器和跑道式循环生物反应器对荒漠藻类进行规模化培养,对比研究了两种规模化培养系统对荒漠藻类生物量和多糖产量的影响,探讨了温度、酸碱度、生长周期以及氮、磷含量对荒漠藻类生长和多糖积累的作用.结果表明,在光生物反应器和跑道式循环生物反应器两种培养系统中,藻类的生长呈现出不同的变化趋势,而藻多糖含量则呈现相同的波动性变化趋势,并且藻类生物量和多糖分泌受培养条件的影响并不同步.此外,在两种规模化培养模式中,温度、酸碱度、营养盐以及生长周期等都对荒漠藻类的生长和多糖产量产生重要影响.     

醇碱提取法提取黄芪多糖

采用醇碱提取法提取黄芪多糖, 通过单因素实验设计分别研究了提取溶剂pH值、 料液比、 提取时间、 提取温度和提取溶剂乙醇浓度5种因素对黄芪多糖提取率的影响, 利用紫外（可见）分光光度法和红外光谱法对醇碱提取法提取黄芪多糖的含量进行 检测, 计算黄芪多糖的提取率为19.15％, 分别是水提取法和碱提取法的3.53倍和2.63倍, 残渣中有效成分的残留量低于其他两种提取方法.     

羊栖菜多糖分离纯化和结构的初步鉴定

将提取的羊栖菜多糖用sevage法除蛋白、H2O2脱色后得到羊栖菜多糖半纯品,依次通过DE-AE-52、Sephadex G-200柱层析分离纯化后得到SFPS-B2、SFPS-C1、SFPS-D2三个多糖组分,用Sephacryl S200-HR柱层析鉴定纯度,三种组分的多糖为均一多糖,质量分数分别为86.02%、81.05%、86.95%.对SFPS-D2进行结构初步研究,通过紫外光谱、红外光谱和毛细管电泳分析,结果表明SFPS-D2不含蛋白质和核酸,多糖组成以β构型的吡喃糖苷键为主,含有硫酸基-O-SO3,其单糖组成以木糖、葡萄糖和半乳糖为主,其比例为木糖∶葡萄糖∶半乳糖=3.45∶5.8∶1.     

Functions of reticulons in plants: What we can learn from animals and yeasts

Reticulons (RTNs) are membrane-spanning proteins sharing a typical domain named reticulon homology domain (RHD). RTN genes have been identified in all eukaryotic organisms examined so far, and the corresponding proteins have been found predominantly associated to the endoplasmic reticulum membranes. In animal and yeast, in which knowledge of the protein family is more advanced, RTNs are involved in numerous cellular processes such as apoptosis, cell division and intracellular trafficking. Up to now, a little attention has been paid to their plant counterparts, i.e., RTNLBs. In this review, we summarize the data available for RTNLB proteins and, using the data obtained with animal and yeast models, several functions for RTNLBs in plant cells are proposed and discussed. Received 01 July 2008; received after revision 08 September 2008; accepted 30 September 2008     

普洱茶中茶多酚和茶多糖的提取工艺研究

以普洱茶为材料、水为提取溶剂,通过正交设计考察了浸提温度、浸提时间、溶剂用量、浸提次数4个因素对其所含茶多酚和茶多糖提取得率的影响,优化茶多酚和茶多糖综合提取工艺.结果表明,最佳提取工艺条件为浸提温度80℃,浸提时间1 h,溶剂用量(固液比)1∶10,浸提次数1次.在优化的提取工艺条件下,提取物干物质得率为20.65%,其中茶多酚含量为30.47%,茶多糖含量为57.26%,且该提取物作用于高脂饮食小鼠降脂效果显著.     

Cholera toxin structure, gene regulation and pathophysiological and immunological aspects

Many notions regarding the function, structure and regulation of cholera toxin expression have remained essentially unaltered in the last 15 years. At the same time, recent findings have generated additional perspectives. For example, the cholera toxin genes are now known to be carried by a non-lytic bacteriophage, a previously unsuspected condition. Understanding of how the expression of cholera toxin genes is controlled by the bacterium at the molecular level has advanced significantly and relationships with cell-density-associated (quorum-sensing) responses have recently been discovered. Regarding the cell intoxication process, the mode of entry and intracellular transport of cholera toxin are becoming clearer. In the immunological field, the strong oral immunogenicity of the non-toxic B subunit of cholera toxin (CTB) has been exploited in the development of a now widely licensed oral cholera vaccine. Additionally, CTB has been shown to induce tolerance against co-administered (linked) foreign antigens in some autoimmune and allergic diseases. Received 25 October 2007; accepted 12 December 2007     

Amyloid precursor protein and its homologues: a family of proteolysis-dependent receptors

The Alzheimer’s amyloid precursor protein (APP) belongs to a conserved gene family that also includes the mammalian APLP1 and APLP2, the Drosophila APPL, and the C. elegans APL-1. The biological function of APP is still not fully clear. However, it is known that the APP family proteins have redundant and partly overlapping functions, which demonstrates the importance of studying all APP family members to gain a more complete picture. When APP was first cloned, it was speculated that it could function as a receptor. This theory has been further substantiated by studies showing that APP and its homologues bind both extracellular ligands and intracellular adaptor proteins. The APP family proteins undergo regulated intramembrane proteolysis (RIP), generating secreted and cytoplasmic fragments that have been ascribed different functions. In this review, we will discuss the APP family with focus on biological functions, binding partners, and regulated processing.     

仙人掌多糖的分离纯化研究进展

仙人掌多糖具有明显的抗衰老、消炎、抗癌和降血糖等作用.文章综述了仙人掌多糖的多种提取和纯化及纯度鉴定的方法,以期为仙人掌多糖的进一步研究开发提供参考.