Effects of pCai and pHi on cell-to-cell coupling

Summary Internal longitudinal resistance (r_i), a determinant of cardiac conduction, is affected by changes in intracellular calcium and protons. However, the role and mechanism by which H⁺ and Ca²⁺ may modulate r_i is uncertain. Cable analysis was performed in cardiac Purkinje fibers to measure r_i during various interventions. In some experiments, intracellular pH (pH_i) was recorded simultaneously to study the pH_i-r_i relation. Both intracellular Ca²⁺ and H⁺ independently modified r_i. However, internal resistance of cardiac fibers was insensitive to pH_i changes compared to other tissues. A latent period preceded the pH_i-related changes in r_i and the amount of change depended upon methodology. The results suggest that direct action of protons on r_i may be subordinate to other regulatory processes. Ionic regulation of internal longitudinal resistance may occur by more than one mechanism: i) direct cationic binding to sites on junctional membrane proteins; and ii) H⁺- or Ca²⁺-dependent phosphorylation of junctional proteins.     

骨桥蛋白在免疫中的作用

骨桥蛋白（OPN）是一种多功能的磷酸化糖蛋白,其涉及多种病理生理学过程.近来研究发现骨桥蛋白通过不同的翻译起始位点产生两种形式的蛋白,即分泌型骨桥蛋白（ sOPN,secreted OPN）和胞内型骨桥蛋白（iOPN,intracellular OPN）.本文主要介绍了sOPN及iOPN在免疫应答中的作用.     

Preparation and cellular uptake of PLGA particles loaded with lamivudine

Poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles loaded with lamivudine and coated with bovine serum albumin (BSA) were prepared via a double emulsion method. The influences of experiments parameters such as volume of inner aqueous phase, concentration of organic phase and ultrasonication time on the particle size and drug entrapment efficiency were investigated, obtaining PLGA particles with a diameter of ~260 nm and drug entrapment efficiency of ~35%. The particles were observed by scanning electron microscopy and transmittance electron microscopy, showing a core-shell structure. BCA assay found that 58 mg BSA was present on/in 1 g LPB particles. The loaded lamivudine showed a burst release at beginning and sustained release until 24 h in physiological conditions. Low pH could accelerate the release of lamivudine from PLGA particles, making the PLGA particles potential intelligent intracellular drug carriers. The PLGA particles were readily internalized into the human liver cells within a short time and increased gradually with the prolongation of incubation time regardless of the loading of lamivudine. The particles either resided within lysosomes or transferred to cytoplasm, but could not enter into the cell nucleus. The cell viability was not significantly influenced in the presence of the particles regardless of lamivudine encapsulation, suggesting that this kind of particles may be a good candidate for the intracellular anti-hepatitis B drug delivery.     

不同木质底物诱导下桦剥管菌细胞内差异蛋白质分析

【目的】研究桦剥管菌在不同木质底物诱导下细胞内蛋白的差异表达情况,探讨桦剥管菌降解木材机理。【方法】以白桦、云杉木屑为诱导底物,利用蛋白质组双向电泳技术(2-DE)结合质谱技术(MALDI-TOF/TOF MS),检测桦剥管菌在不同树种木屑诱导下与对照组(未加木屑)相比菌体胞内蛋白质变化情况,对差异蛋白进行生物信息学分析。【结果】在白桦和云杉木屑诱导下,桦剥管菌细胞内蛋白表达发生了明显变化,处理组(添加木屑)共检测到32个细胞内差异表达蛋白点,经质谱检测及数据库检索,成功鉴定17个差异蛋白点,这些蛋白具有转移酶、水解酶、蛋白结合、细胞信号转导等分子功能,涉及分解代谢、有机物质代谢、氮化合物代谢、初级代谢、细胞生物合成和刺激响应过程。【结论】桦剥管菌降解木材是多种蛋白质共同作用的结果,通过调节多种代谢过程中的相关蛋白表达来发挥作用。     

一类具有时滞及非线性感染率的病毒感染模型的稳定性及分支分析

将时滞及饱和发生率引入到一类具有初级细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(CTLp)和效应细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(CTLe)免疫反应的病毒感染模型,证明了改进后模型无病毒感染平衡点及无免疫平衡点的全局渐近稳定性.同时,给出了免役应答平衡点(正平衡点)产生Hopf分支的充分条件.最后,数值模拟验证了理论结果.     

细胞内磁热疗研究概述

热疗即加热疗法,是指通过升高肿瘤温度,利用热能杀灭癌细胞和肿瘤组织的一种物理疗法．通过在磁性纳米粒子表面进行各种修饰,提高磁性纳米粒子进入肿瘤细胞的效率及选择性,在体外交变磁场的作用下促使进入细胞内的纳米磁性粒子产热而杀伤肿瘤细胞,这种方法称为细胞内磁热疗．作者就肿瘤细胞内磁热疗的研究进展作一综述．     

水库藻类细胞内微囊藻毒素变化规律

摘要:应用高效液相色谱,对北方某水库5个采样点藻类细胞内3种微囊藻毒素(MC-LR,RR和YR)进行了为期一年的监测.研究了细胞内微囊藻毒素随时间的变化规律,并探讨了环境因子对细胞内微囊藻毒素产生的影响.结果表明,藻类细胞内3种微囊藻毒素被检出的时间不一致,LR异构体在4月份下旬即可检测到,而RR和YR异构体则要到5月份中旬才能检测到.LR和YR异构体在9月份出现高峰值,而RR异构体在10月份达到全年的最大值.4—9月份,LR异构体含量最大,RR异构体次之,YR异构体含量最小;10—12月份,RR异构体含量最大,10月和11月LR含量大于YR,但是12月份LR未检出,而YR含量比11月份还高.环境因子对细胞内微囊藻毒素的影响也不一致:溶解氧和硝酸盐氮都与3种异构体呈显著负相关;总磷、溶解性总磷和磷酸盐都与RR异构体呈显著正相关,氨氮和LR异构体之间存在显著负相关.     

P物质对大鼠星状神经节细胞的影响

应用细胞内生物电记录方法，观察神经肽Ｐ物质（ＳＰ）对大鼠星状神经节能细胞的影响，用灌流或用加压向细胞周围施加ＳＰ可使部分细胞发生膜除极反应，用低钙或用含河豚毒素克氏液灌流神经节，并不影响ＳＰ引起的除极反应的幅度和时程。ＳＰ引起除极反应的同时常伴有膜电阻增大，当膜电位增大时，除极化反应幅度变小，反转电位为－８０ｍＶ至－１００ｍＶ，研究表明，ＳＰ对部分星状神经节细胞具有直接兴奋作用，并且ＳＰ对细胞膜的     

知柏地黄丸浸液对大鼠嗜铬细胞内钙的作用

运用Fura-2显微荧光测量技术,在单个大鼠肾上腺嗜铬细胞上,测量中药知柏地黄丸浸液对胞内游离钙浓度([Ca     

Cholera toxin structure, gene regulation and pathophysiological and immunological aspects

Many notions regarding the function, structure and regulation of cholera toxin expression have remained essentially unaltered in the last 15 years. At the same time, recent findings have generated additional perspectives. For example, the cholera toxin genes are now known to be carried by a non-lytic bacteriophage, a previously unsuspected condition. Understanding of how the expression of cholera toxin genes is controlled by the bacterium at the molecular level has advanced significantly and relationships with cell-density-associated (quorum-sensing) responses have recently been discovered. Regarding the cell intoxication process, the mode of entry and intracellular transport of cholera toxin are becoming clearer. In the immunological field, the strong oral immunogenicity of the non-toxic B subunit of cholera toxin (CTB) has been exploited in the development of a now widely licensed oral cholera vaccine. Additionally, CTB has been shown to induce tolerance against co-administered (linked) foreign antigens in some autoimmune and allergic diseases. Received 25 October 2007; accepted 12 December 2007