缫丝废水可生物处理性及其BOD反应动力学研究

缫丝工业废水BOD_5/COD_(Cr)为0.38,在0.30-0.45之间,其可生物处理性尚好.7个BOD_5浓度的废水样中,游离细菌过氧化氢酶和脱氢酶活力水平,与BOD_5去除率(％)呈极显著正相关性,相关系数r值分别为0.949和0.920,大于r_(0.01)(5).建立二个水样各自的BOD反应一、二级动力学数学模型,经适合度检验,两个水样的A值分别为-0.88和-0.97,二级模型比一级模型更适合于描述缫丝工业废水的生物降解动力学过程.在设计废水处理工程时,采用二级模型计算值更为理想.     

Acquisition of nutrients from organic resources by mycorrhizal autotrophic plants

Summary Evidence exists to suggest that mycorrhizal fungi are capable of producing enzymes allowing them to access carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus from complex organic resources in soil. This facility is mainly demonstrated in ectomycorrhizal and ericaceous endomycorrhizal fungi associated with highly organic soils and climatically stressed environments. These data support a direct nutrient cycling hypothesis proposed for tropical ectomycorrhizal forests. In terms of forest succession, the evidence agrees with a major contribution of the mycorrhizal symbiosis in late stages of the succession, where elemental cycling becomes increasingly more conservative and process rates limited by biotic factors. Here, tree growth benefits from direct nutrient cycling mediated by their mycorrhizal symbionts.     

基于视频特征聚合的细胞形变动态建模

提出了一种基于图像处理架构对活细胞视频中细胞动态进行建模的方法.在这个架构下,视频中两帧间的细胞动态被表示为细胞轮廓形变和细胞内部运动的动态特征.其中,前者细胞轮廓形变利用形状上下文进行度量,而后者细胞内部运动则通过尺度不变特征变换（SIFT）流进行建模.为了更好的刻画细胞质流动,基于SIFT流的细胞运动场进一步构建细胞外观变化场.在获得上述帧级细胞动态特征之后,引入时间序列建模的方法来生成视频级的细胞动态特征.具体地,基于紧凑编码的时序特征聚合方法可以捕获整个视频中的细胞动态演变过程.活细胞视频数据库被建立以用于验证提出方法的有效性,实验结果表明提出方法对于细胞形变动态度量和分类的性能优于其它主流方法.     

人胎儿发育中牙胚造釉器的组织化学研究(英文)

本文报导6例3～7月胎儿造釉器发育过程中各种细胞的硷性磷酸酶(ALP)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、非特异性脂酶(NSE)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)和琥珀酸脱氢酶(SDH)的组织化学改变。其中三例为钟状期,另三例为钟状末期或硬组织形成期。造釉器的外釉上皮、星网状层和中间层细胞均显示ALP活性。内釉上皮则为阴性。但在发育后斯,在内釉上皮之间的细胞间隙显示有ALP活性。造釉器的各种细胞均显示ACP活性,以内釉上皮活性最高,特别是在Tomes突部位。NSE活性类似于ACP,但活性较低。造釉器各种细胞均显示有LDH和SDH活性,但后者活性性弱。除SDH外,上述诸酶的活性均随胎龄增长而增强。在分布上,则其活性是从造釉器帽部向颈攀部递减。本文还报导,在光学显微镜下,可以观察到分泌期造釉细胞的Tomes突,并且发现这里的酶活性最强。根据上述发现,本文讨论了硷性和酸性磷酸酶在硬组织形成过程中的作用,以及牙胚造釉器的代谢特点。     

Low-molecular-weight enzyme inhibitors suppress the development of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis

Summary We tested the activity of low-molecular-weight enzyme inhibitors with immunomodifying actions on the suppression of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE). Of the agents tested the inhibitors of alkaline phosphatase, aminopeptidase B and esterase gave significant protection againts the clinical expression of EAE in guinea pigs.Acknowledgments. This work was partly supported by a grant-in-aid for New Drug Development Research from the Ministry of Health and Welfare, Japan.     

Effects of pCai and pHi on cell-to-cell coupling

Summary Internal longitudinal resistance (r_i), a determinant of cardiac conduction, is affected by changes in intracellular calcium and protons. However, the role and mechanism by which H⁺ and Ca²⁺ may modulate r_i is uncertain. Cable analysis was performed in cardiac Purkinje fibers to measure r_i during various interventions. In some experiments, intracellular pH (pH_i) was recorded simultaneously to study the pH_i-r_i relation. Both intracellular Ca²⁺ and H⁺ independently modified r_i. However, internal resistance of cardiac fibers was insensitive to pH_i changes compared to other tissues. A latent period preceded the pH_i-related changes in r_i and the amount of change depended upon methodology. The results suggest that direct action of protons on r_i may be subordinate to other regulatory processes. Ionic regulation of internal longitudinal resistance may occur by more than one mechanism: i) direct cationic binding to sites on junctional membrane proteins; and ii) H⁺- or Ca²⁺-dependent phosphorylation of junctional proteins.     

产普鲁兰降解酶菌株的分离筛选及酶学特性的研究

普鲁兰降解酶(pullulan degrading enzymes)能够专一水解普鲁兰多糖α-1,6-糖苷键以及特定位置的α-1,4-糖苷键,在工业、食品业、医疗保健等行业中具有重要的应用意义.本研究采用唯一碳源法从稻田土样中培养筛选到21株产普鲁兰降解酶的菌株.对菌株A1的鉴定及其产生的普鲁兰降解酶的分析表明,该菌株为气单胞菌属,其产生的酶属于Ⅰ型普鲁兰酶(Type I pullulanase,EC 3.2.1.41),专一水解普鲁兰多糖α-1,6-糖苷键.该酶的最适反应温度为60℃,最适反应pH为6.0,具有良好的温度稳定性和适应性;同时在pH为4.0时仍然保留50%的酶活.进一步对A1菌株产酶的发酵条件(pH、温度、时间)进行了优化,摇瓶中A1分泌表达Ⅰ型普鲁兰酶的水平达到21.2 U/mL.根据已报道的气单胞菌属普鲁兰酶基因的保守序列设计引物,克隆获得了4 053 bp的A1普鲁兰酶基因pluA1全长序列,编码1351个氨基酸.本研究结果为该酶的开发应用奠定了基础.     

骨桥蛋白在免疫中的作用

骨桥蛋白（OPN）是一种多功能的磷酸化糖蛋白,其涉及多种病理生理学过程.近来研究发现骨桥蛋白通过不同的翻译起始位点产生两种形式的蛋白,即分泌型骨桥蛋白（ sOPN,secreted OPN）和胞内型骨桥蛋白（iOPN,intracellular OPN）.本文主要介绍了sOPN及iOPN在免疫应答中的作用.     

Preparation and cellular uptake of PLGA particles loaded with lamivudine

Poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles loaded with lamivudine and coated with bovine serum albumin (BSA) were prepared via a double emulsion method. The influences of experiments parameters such as volume of inner aqueous phase, concentration of organic phase and ultrasonication time on the particle size and drug entrapment efficiency were investigated, obtaining PLGA particles with a diameter of ~260 nm and drug entrapment efficiency of ~35%. The particles were observed by scanning electron microscopy and transmittance electron microscopy, showing a core-shell structure. BCA assay found that 58 mg BSA was present on/in 1 g LPB particles. The loaded lamivudine showed a burst release at beginning and sustained release until 24 h in physiological conditions. Low pH could accelerate the release of lamivudine from PLGA particles, making the PLGA particles potential intelligent intracellular drug carriers. The PLGA particles were readily internalized into the human liver cells within a short time and increased gradually with the prolongation of incubation time regardless of the loading of lamivudine. The particles either resided within lysosomes or transferred to cytoplasm, but could not enter into the cell nucleus. The cell viability was not significantly influenced in the presence of the particles regardless of lamivudine encapsulation, suggesting that this kind of particles may be a good candidate for the intracellular anti-hepatitis B drug delivery.     

黄酮对力竭运动大鼠心肌抗氧化与细胞凋亡的影响

以健康雄性SD大鼠为研究对象,通过建立灌胃罗汉果叶黄酮(FSGL)的干预力竭性运动大鼠,来探讨不同剂量FSGL对力竭运动大鼠心肌抗氧化酶系及心肌Bcl-2、Bax mRNA表达的影响。结果表明:不同剂量组的大鼠力竭运动后心肌SOD、CAT和GSH-PX活性与力竭运动对照组比较,均呈升高趋势,以中剂量组效果最显著;力竭运动组MDA与中剂量组比较有极显著性差异;与力竭运动组比较,各剂量组Bcl-2基因表达加强,且中剂量组显著高于力竭运动组和低剂量组。力竭运动组Bax基因表达极显著高于安静对照组和中剂量组(P<0.01),同时低剂量和高剂量组Bax的表达显著高于安静对照组(P<0.05)。FSGL各剂量组Bcl-2/Bax比值均升高,以中剂量和高剂量组最显著(P<0.01)。可见,FSGL能有效提高机体的抗氧化能力,明显地抑制因过度训练导致的心肌细胞凋亡程度。