天山乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川雪冰中δ18O的演化过程

2002年9月14日-2005年3月7日,在天山乌鲁小齐河源1号冰川积累区雪坑中连续观测取样,频率为1次/周,分析了其巾的部分表层雪样品和粒雪坑样品中的δ18O.结果表明:表层雪样品的δ18O具有明显的季节变化,且与月平均温度关系密切.粒雪坑样品中的δ18O在9月底至次年6月初变化较小,升华对雪坑1 m以下雪冰中δ18O的影响不超过-2‰,整个雪坑都较好地保持了δ18O的季节变化特征.但6月初-9月底融水对雪冰中δ18O的影响巨大,冬季形成的δ18O低于-30%的中、细粒雪层,经过夏季融水的改造,可成为δ18O-11.6‰的粗粒雪和冰片层.融水可使雩冰中δ18O的改变最>60%.在全球变暖背景下,冬季形成的低δ18O雪层经过夏季融水的改造,其内的δ18O可以完全被平滑.     

季节性冰雪蓄冷技术在建筑空调中的应用

为研究季节性冰雪蓄冷技术在建筑空调中应用的可行性,在稳态传热及集总参数分析方法基础上,建立了圆柱形地下储库冰雪储存与释冷过程的数学模型,并得出模型的分析解。运用该模型对北京市商场、办公楼、宾馆和医院四类典型建筑应用季节性冰雪蓄冷技术进行空调供冷的特征参数进行了计算。提出了冰雪蓄冷匹配系数的定义,分析了其在不同储冰初始温度及年平均单位面积冷负荷条件下的变化规律。计算表明,冰雪蓄冷匹配参数主要受年平均单位面积冷负荷影响,而受储冰初始温度影响较小。     

冰灾对江西电网的灾害分析和电网应急平台体系建设

回顾2009年全国大面积雪灾对江西省电网造成的巨大损失,分析了灾害的成因,并重点提出了电网应急管理平台建设的具体技术思路。     

自然水域浇制冰场的优势

对自然水域浇制冰场的优势进行了论述,旨在为东北地区各级学校节省教育经费,充分利用自然水域浇制冰场,缓解水资源不足,促进冰上教学和课外冰上活动开展及冰上旅游开发提供参考.     

电容式水库“断面”检测传感器及其系统设计

为了同时对水库中的冰层厚度、水位、泥沙层高度进行测量,基于电容层析成像传感器模型的测量机理,设计了一种非封闭式、多级板、多功能电容式传感器,利用简单的算法把二维截面数据变换成为三维立体的体积,实现了接触式水库"断面"的测算。实验证明,利用该电容式传感器及其系统进行水库内泥沙的淤积高度、水位高度、冰层厚度的测量方法是可行的。     

Decrease trend of dust event frequency over the past 200 years recorded in the Malan ice core from the northern Tibetan Plateau

By analyses of the dust layers in the Malan ice core from the northern Tibetan Plateau, it was found that dirty ratio in this core might be a good proxy for dust event frequency. The variations in the dirty ratio displayed a decrease trend over the past 200 years, which implies that dust events became less frequent during the study period. The decrease trend in the variations in dust event frequency might be caused mostly by the natural processes, including increasing precipitation and weakening westerly which might be related with global warming. Furthermore, significant negative correlation was found between the dirty ratio and δ^18O in the Malan ice core. This is highly important for studying the effect of atmospheric dust on climate change.     

春季灌区道路翻浆原因的试验分析与防治

通过试验观测和理论分析，春季灌区道路形成的翻浆现象是由于冬季土壤冻结时土中水分产生迁移，在路基下形成的聚冰层春季融化造成路基承载力降低，外作用下路基破坏，实质上它是一种冻害现象，据此提出解决道路翻浆危害的一些防治措施：抬高路基，排水及换填。     

基于试验数据优化辨识孤立冰块的流拖曳系数

流拖曳系数是海冰动力学模型中的重要参数,实际海冰运动时受到水流的底面剪切作用和侧面正压力作用,对应的拖曳系数分别为摩拖曳系数和形拖曳系数.利用实验室波流水槽设备,对长方体平底、长方体粗糙底和圆饼形淡水冰试样进行拖曳运动试验,获得26组冰样运动数据.根据这些试验数据,利用动量法原理和优化方法构造了识别摩拖曳系数和形拖曳系数的参数辨识模型,并计算出相应的拖曳系数.在此基础上,引入描述表面粗糙度的两个指标--轮廓支承长度率和轮廓均方根偏差,统计分析了粗糙度指标对拖曳系数的影响.此外还得到摩拖曳系数同冰样长度和吃水深度之比的关系,该关系可用于计算冰山和浮冰的摩拖曳系数.     

Chernobyl nuclear accident revealed from the 7010 m Muztagata ice core record

The total activity variation with depth from a 41.6 m Muztagata ice core drilled at 7010 m, recorded not only the 1963 radioactive layer due to the thermonuclear test, but also clearly the radioactive peak released by the Chernobyl accident in 1986. This finding indicates that the Chernobyl nuclear accident was clearly recorded in alpine glaciers in the Pamirs of west China, and the layer can be potentially used for ice core dating in other high alpine glaciers in the surrounding regions.     

A 780-year record of explosive volcanism from DT263 ice core in east Antarctica

Ice cores recovered from polar ice sheet received and preserved sulfuric acid fallout from explosive volcanic eruptions. DT263 ice core was retrieved from an east Antarctic location. The ice core is dated using a combination of annual layer counting and volcanic time stratigraphic horizon as 780 years (1215-1996 A.D.). The ice core record demonstrates that during the period of approximately 1460-1800 A.D., the accumulation is sharply lower than the levels prior to and after this period. This period coincides with the most recent neoglacial climatic episode, the "Little Ice Age (LIA)", that has been found in numerous Northern Hemisphere proxy and historic records. The non-sea-salt SO42- concentrations indicate seventeen volcanic events in DT263 ice core. Compared with those from previous Antarctic ice cores, significant discrepancies are found between these records in relative volcanic flux of several well-known events. The discrepancies among these records may be explained by the differences in surface topography, accumulation rate, snow drift and distribution which highlight the potential impact of local glaci-ology on ice core volcanic records, analytical techniques used for sulfate measurement, etc. Volcanic eruptions in middle and high southern latitudes affect volcanic records in Antarctic snow more intensively than those in the low latitudes.