Influence of interannual variability of Antarctic oscillation on mei-yu along the Yangtze and Huaihe River valley and its importance to prediction

Both correlation analysis and case study indicate that Antarctic oscillation (AAO) is closely related with summer rainfall in eastern China. When AAO is stronger in boreal spring, especially in May, there is more mei-yu rainfall in summer with a longer period along the Yangtze and Huaihe River valley. In contrast, there is less rainfall with a shorter period corresponding to a weaker AAO. Besides, an anomalous AAO changes the position and intensity of several circulation systems, which are important to summer rainfall along the Yangtze and Huaihe River valley. Furthermore, the Antarctic sea ice is negatively correlated with the intensity of AAO with a 6-month leading time. The result in this study provides a new method for the prediction of mei-yu.     

Relationship between calcium and atmospheric dust recorded in Guliya ice core

By the analyses of Guliya ice core on the Tibetan Plateau, it was found that the calcium (Ca^2 ) originated from the terrestrial source is the main cation of soluble aerosol and a good proxy of the atmospheric component and environment in the mountain ice core located in the mid-low latitude arid regions. Evident variation of Ca^2 concentration has been found in the Guliya ice core since the Last lnterglaciation with two relatively strong increase periods and two weak increase periods. These variations are generally related to climatic changes: high Ca^2 concentration periods coincide with cold periods and low Ca^2 concentration periods coincide with warm periods. However, Ca^2 concentration does not always decrease (increase) with climate warming (cooling). The magnitude and phase of Ca^2 concentration does not always match temperature either. The changes of atmospheric circulation, land surface condition and atmospheric humidity might be important factors which influence Ca^2 concentration besides temperature.     

Westerly moisture transport to the middle of Himalayas revealed from the high deuterium excess

Previous studies found extremely high d-excess in both ice core and glacial melt water in Dasuopu glacier, Xixiabangma, middle of Himalayas. These values are much higher than the global average and those measured in southwest monsoon precipitation. The d-excess variation in over one year at Nyalam station will clarify this phenomenon. Studies show that the high d-excess is related to the seasonal variation of moisture transport to this region. The d-excess values are low during the southwest monsoon active periods, when moisture originated from the humid ocean surface. The d-excess values are higher in non-monsoon months, when moisture is derived from westerly transport. Winter and spring precipitation accounts for a substantial portion of the annual precipitation, resulting in higher d-excess in the yearly precipitation in the middle of Himalayas than other parts of the southern Tibetan Plateau. This finding reveals that the precipitation in the middle of Himalayas is not purely from southwest monsoon, but a large portion from the westerly transport, which is very important for ice core study in this area.     

内融冰式蓄冰桶数学模型的改进

介绍内融冰式蓄冰桶改进的数值计算模型.将盘管分成许多小段进行研究,考虑了蓄冷时冰层和释冷时水层间的连通现象及蓄冷期冰的温度变化和释冷期水温的变化.所得结果可为设计选用提供依据.     

间接制冷人工冰场流动状态分析

以间接制冷人工冰场为研究对象，对排管内流体的流态进行计算，为设备选型、布管形式优化提供依据和方法。     

古里雅冰芯中小冰期以来的气候变化记录

依据年代模型恢复了以δ１８Ｏ和积累量作为替代指标的冰芯中自小冰期以来的温度和降水量序列，以及冰雪中的化学成分序列．所有这些资料都不同程度揭示了青藏高原环境演化过程的事实．尤其是对重要气候事件的解释上，上述指标都以其特有的形式和特点给出了可靠的证据．     

从洪洞三交河左木剖面看汾河下游30Ka以来的环境变迁

在汾河下游第四纪地质剖面观察的基础上，选择了具有代表性的洪洞三交河左木剖面，利用沉积物相变方法，对沉积物进行分析，认为汾河下游三万年以来环境有四次大的变化，其中后两次变化，时间分别为8Ka-2.5KaB.P和2．5Ka以来，共有5次小的波动，由此推测，今后百年内气候继续变暖，波动周期为30a-40a。     

UV/H2O2作用下冰中苯酚的光转化及其与羟基自由基的关系

在UV和H₂O₂作用下考察pH值、 光强、 H₂O₂初始浓度和无机离子等对冰中苯酚光解的影响, 并利用二甲基亚砜（DMSO）捕获体系中生成的
羟基自由基（·OH）研究·OH对冰中苯酚光解的影响. 实验结果表明: H₂O₂可显著促进冰中产生·OH及苯酚光解; 改变光强、 pH值和H₂O₂的初始浓度, 苯酚的光解率随体系中·OH浓度的增加而增大; 加入NO^-₂和NO^-₃可抑制体系中产生·OH及苯酚光解; 加入SO^2-₄不影响体系中·OH的产生及苯酚光解; 加入CO^2-₃和HCO^-₃可抑制体系中产生·OH, 但对苯酚光解影响较小, 这是由于体系中产生了其他自由基所致.     

冰激柔性锥体振动实验研究

针对冰激柔性锥体振动实验研究开展得很少的现状,利用DUT-1非冻结可破碎模型冰进行了冰速变化时冰激锥体振动的室内实验模拟．模型锥体材料采用普通钢材,设计了更为贴近实际的多自由度锥体结构模型,应用改进的动态载荷时域识别方法,依据结构的位移、加速度和应变等混合动态响应,识别了冰-锥体结构动力相互作用过程中的动冰力．实验结果表明,冰激柔性锥体振动是一种以低频振动为主、间歇性的随机受迫振动和自由阻尼振动,作用于锥体上的动冰力频率成分丰富．     

山西省宁武县万年冰洞持续存在机制数值模拟

 在年平均气温高于0℃的自然条件下存在少量常年保存有冰体的洞穴,这是一种十分罕见的现象.山西宁武“万年冰洞”是国内已发现的规模最大的冰洞,如何合理解释其内部冰体的形成和保存机制是一个科学难题.本文通过有限元暂态数值计算,模拟冰洞四季热传递过程认识到,冰体得以持续存在的控制因素有2个：(1) 冬季外部空气比冰洞内空气冷,外部冷空气通过冰洞口,与冰洞内空气发生自然热对流,使冰洞内部冷却;春、夏、秋季外部空气比冰洞内热,冷空气沉在洞底,效率很低的热传导不足以使冰洞内温度显著上升.(2) 由于冰-水相变潜热作用,即使夏季靠近洞口部分冰体融化,也需吸收大量热量,从而进一步阻止冰洞内部冰体的融化.计算结果也显示,如果一些冰洞开发为游览景点后在洞口设置密封门,切断冬季冷空气进入洞内自然对流冷却洞体的通道,冰洞内冰体在不到40年时间内将全部融化,“万年冰洞”将被人为破坏.