风力发电机叶片覆冰状况及防冰除冰措施

适用于寒冷气候条件的风力发电机研究已成为可再生能源领域广为重视的方向。针对环境因素、翼型、风机型号和运行状态等多因素协同作用下的叶片覆冰特性,依据能量分配理论和叶片表面温升特性,论述了主动防冰除冰技术的结构、热载荷分布以及能量传递方式。被动防冰除冰技术中,具有水滴自去除效应的涂层优势显著,依据涂层的防冰机理、导热导电性和化学稳定性等方面,论证其应用在风力发电机叶片上的可行性。最后,防冰涂层与电加热结合构成的复合防冰除冰结构,能够有效降低能耗、减少回流水结冰,但在涂层表面润湿性转变、导热率和耐久性等方面的研究尚存在一定的争议,将是未来主要的研究方向。     

网络环境下高校图书馆期刊服务工作

分析了网络环境对高校图书馆期刊工作带来的影响,介绍了期刊服务工作的类型,探讨了网络环境下高校图书馆期刊管理与服务的改进。     

悬挂避障式破冰除雪机的建模与仿真

2013年初冬黑龙江省大部分地区普降了几十年不遇的特大暴雪,快速清除厚度较大压实雪,或冰冻路面上厚度不等的冰是打胜"冰雪战争"的关键。在这场除雪战争中大功率除雪机的优势鲜明。此避障式除雪机既能清除压实雪,又能清除冰雪,同时具有保护路面的避障功能。利用PRO/E对其进行实体建模及运动仿真。     

固态冰相中的光化学作用研究进展

论述了固态冰相中有机污染物的研究意义,对国内外有关固态冰相中有机污染物光化学降解的研究进行了综述。重点介绍了氟氯烃和芳香族化合物在固态冰相中的光化学反应和反应机理。     

不同盐质量浓度海冰水灌溉对土壤盐分及棉花产量的影响

以棉花为种植对象,连续2年进行了不同盐质量浓度海冰水灌溉试验,分析了不同盐质量浓度海冰水对棉花产量、土壤空间盐分动态运移变化以及棉花光合特性的变化.结果表明:利用本试验设定的不同盐质量浓度的海冰水灌溉,其棉花的产量都比对照要高,说明利用一定盐质量浓度海冰水灌溉能够缓解滨海盐碱地区的干旱问题.利用3 g.L-1的海冰水灌溉,对棉花的增产显著,同时又不会对滨海盐碱地土壤发生次生盐渍化,因此对滨海盐碱地来说,宜采用该盐质量浓度的海冰水灌溉棉田.在本试验设定的几个不同盐质量浓度的海冰水中,利用3 g.L-1的海冰水灌溉,棉花的气孔导度、净光合速率及细胞间CO2体积分数均达到最高水平,这是其能使棉花增产的部分原因.     

磁致位移传感器冰雪厚度测量仪原理及其应用

基于磁致伸缩原理的位移传感器具有高精度、高稳定性、多位置测量的特点,据此研制了一种能同时测量冰/雪表面和冰底面变化的接触式冰雪厚度测量仪.该仪器被应用到低温实验室冰厚和南极固定冰区冰雪厚度的测量中.实验室历时540h,测量精度±0.13cm;现场应用持续6个月,测量精度±0.20cm.高精度的测量数据,特别是现场测量数据,为分析冰厚变化的细微过程提供了基础,为深入研究气-冰-海耦合过程,完善海冰热力学数值模型提供了支持.另外,该仪器还能为冰工程领域的研究提供技术支持.     

Late quaternary ice-rafted detritus events in the Chukchi Basin, western Arctic Ocean

The late Quaternary ice rafted detritus (IRD) events in the Chukchi Basin, western Arctic Ocean are indications of the provenance of the coarser detritus and ice export events, and also document the evolutionary histories of Beaufort Gyre and the North American Ice Sheet (NAIS). The sediment of core M03 from the Chukchi Basin was selected to study the regional response to the ice export events and the NAIS variability. The stratigraphic framework of M03 was established by a combination of lithological features and downcore color change cycles, AMS¹⁴C dating with foraminifera abundance and IRD events. The core was also compared with the adjacent core NWR 5 from the Northwind Ridge area. The core extends back to Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 7. A sedimentary hiatus of 10–20 ka might occur between 16 to 20 cm core depth. Seven IRD events are distinguished from the studied core and are presented during the early MIS 1, MIS 3, MIS 5 and late MIS 7. These IRD are transported by sea ice and icebergs, which were exported to the Beaufort Sea from the M’Clure Strait Ice Stream, Canadian Arctic Archipelago, and brought to the Chukchi Basin by the Beaufort Gyre.     

An ice-core record of vegetation and climate changes in the central Tibetan Plateau during the last 550 years

We present a 550-year ice-core pollen record with a 5-year resolution from the Puruogangri ice field in the central Tibetan Plateau.Analysis of the relationship between pollen record and instrumental observations suggests that the sum of the steppe and meadow pollen taxa is a good indicator of summer (June-August) temperature,whereas the ratios of Cyperaceae/(Gramineae+Artemisia) [Cy/(G+A)] as well as M/S (meadow to steppe percentages) are indicative of humidity changes in this region.Together with δ18O and...     

Preliminary results of ice radar investigation along the traverse between Zhongshan and Dome A in East Antarctic ice sheet: Ice thickness and subglacial topography

During the 24th Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition (CHINARE 24, 2007/08), a ground-based ice radar was used to survey ice thickness and subglacial topography along the 1170 km traverse between Zhongshan and Dome A in East Antarctic ice sheet (EAIS). Ice-bedrock interface was detected along 82% of the traverse and data was collected at a horizontal resolution of <5.6 m. The data was processed to produce curves of ice thickness distribution and subglacial topography along the traverse. The results indicate that, along the traverse, the average ice thickness is 2037 m, smaller than the average ice thickness in EAIS; the thickest ice is at 730 km, and the thinnest ice (891 m) is at the edge of the ice sheet, but the slightly larger ice thickness (1078 m) in inland appears at 1020 km; the average subglacial topography elevation is 728 m, greatly larger than the average value in EAIS, and the largest elevation reaches up to 2650 m at 1034 km. The lowest terrain is located at 765 km. In further inland of 900–1170 km, the subglacial topography is relatively high due to the existence of the Gamburtsev Subglacial Mountains in the region. Generally, the influence of subglacial topography on ice surface is not significant, except at 900 km where great rise of subglacial topography causes evident uplift of ice surface. Where ice-bedrock interface was detected, the frequent and strong change of ice thickness and subglacial topography in small-scale means large bedrock roughness along the traverse, and is considered as the result of the integrated influence of ice flow, basal environments and geology. The segment where bedrock was not detected has very large ice thickness. The strong ice flow there also makes internal structure more complicated and induces serious attenuation of radar signals.     

黄土高原祖厉河流域咸水淡化与高效利用

为缓解我国北方苦咸水分布地区淡水资源紧缺的状况,开展咸水多级冰冻淡化试验,揭示咸水结冰过程水质变化机理。试验结果表明:冷冻结冰法能有效淡化咸水,Ⅰ级冰融水的脱盐率可达60%以上;咸水多级冷冻结冰过程,不同离子结冰迁移速率不同,致各级冰融水离子组成发生变化。多级冰冻淡化方法可以在祖厉河流域推广和应用,其充分利用自然能源,具有经济环保,简单易行,既可小规模分户实施也可大规模处理等优势,是解决当地春旱期生活用水及农业用水困难的有效途径之一。