Morphology and composition of the internal axis in two morphologically contrasting deep-water sea pens (Cnidaria: Octocorallia)

Umbellula encrinus Linnaeus, 1758 and Anthoptilum grandiflorum (Verrill, 1879) are two species of deep-water sea pens (Cnidaria: Octocorallia) commonly found in the Northwest Atlantic. These sea pens are frequently caught as fishing bycatch, but little is known about their biology. Here we characterise the internal skeleton (axis) of these two morphologically contrasting species, in terms of axis carbonate composition and proportion, morphology and metrics (i.e. cross-sectional area and weight) through gradients along their lengths. Using the conspicuous growth rings present in the axis of U. encrinus we also estimated intra-colonial variation in radial growth rates for this species. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses revealed that the carbonate portion of the axis is composed of magnesian calcite (Ca, Mg)CO₃ in both species. On average, the axis is composed of 71% carbonate material in U. encrinus, and 65% carbonate in A. grandiflorum. The carbonate proportion was greatly reduced from base (71%) to tip (33%) in the axis of U. encrinus, while in A. grandiflorum changes were less abrupt (~6% difference from base to tip). In U. encrinus, the axis is quadrangular in shape through its whole length, twisting longitudinally. Twisting can occur in both clockwise and anti-clockwise directions. The axis of A. grandiflorum varied from elliptical near the base to cylindrical through most of the remaining length, with no twisting observed. Axes’ cross-sectional areas also decreased with distance from the base in both species, being the largest near the base. Estimated radial growth rates in U. encrinus were variable within a single colony, ranging between 0.04 and 0.08 mm.yr^?1. This is the first study to describe changes along the axes of sea pens, and to characterise the axes in the studied species. It provides a baseline for studies considering sea pens’ skeletons (e.g. ocean acidification and palaeoceanography).     

土壤食物网调控及其生态功能研究的困境与思考

土壤食物网精准调控是探究和发挥土壤生物生态功能的关键和难点.综述了已有的土壤食物网直接和间接调控方法,讨论了土壤食物网生态功能研究现状及面临的困境,如常用的直接调控措施很难在野外大规模应用;间接调控土壤食物网内在机制复杂,调控效果不易把控;土壤食物网全图模糊不清,关键类群及其权重难确定;土壤食物网的物质循环与能流难量化...     

体内张拉成形屋架垂跨比和矢跨比影响分析

为了改善体内张拉成形屋架受力性能,根据结构张拉成形后的矢跨比和垂跨比组合的不同,建立了20个计算模型.选用APDL参数化设计语言编程分析垂跨比及矢跨比对结构受力特点的影响.研究表明:随着结构矢跨比的增加和垂跨比的减小,上弦中间单元成形轴力、弯矩和截面应力逐渐增大,而受荷状态则是在此基础上叠加相应轴力;成形阶段以弯曲应变为主,截面拉应力和压应力较为接近,表现为轴压力很小,受荷阶段以轴向压应变的增加为主,表现为轴压力很大.选取适宜的矢跨比和垂跨比组合可以改善体内张拉成形屋架受力性能.     

自整定内模PID控制在非圆销孔加工中的应用

将工业过程控制方法用于微位移压电陶瓷驱动器控制,提出了一种自整定内模PID控制方法.该方法结合内模控制、PID控制和前馈控制,针对非圆销孔加工的特点,采用双环的控制结构,内环主要对控制对象进行等效,提高其动态性能;外环通过时间乘绝对误差的积分(ITAE)优化内模PID的整定参数.鲁棒性分析、仿真及实验表明,系统具有很强鲁棒性,能快速响应,在工作频率低于20 Hz时具有较好跟踪性能,达到了快速跟踪和减少滞环的目的.     

n-C_(10)H_(22)和n-C_(12)H_(26)的热压力系数及内压

本文测定了n-C_(10)H_(22)和n-C_(12)H_(26)在20—55℃的热压力系数。这些系数可用修正的van der Waals模型来描述式中A和B是液体的特性常数。对于n-C_(10)H_(22):A=339.40×10~(-6)m~3mol~(-1),B=29822×10~(-12)m~6mol~(-2)。对于n-C_(12)H_(26):A=403.06×10~(-6)m~3mol~(-1),B=41818×10~(-12)m~6mol~(-2)。与一般小分子液体和少于八个碳的正构烷不同,它们的B/A~2不再等于0.2610,而是随着碳链的增长而逐渐减小。     

Cycles of juvenile hormone esterase activity during the juvenile hormone-driven cycles of oxygen consumption in pupal diapause of flesh flies

Summary During diapause O₂ consumption in fly pupae is a cyclic event (4-day periodicity at 25°C) driven by cycles of juvenile hormone activity. Levels of juvenile hormone esterase activity change systematically during the cycle, with highest activity observed at the nadir of the O₂ consumption cycle.Supported in part by grant 88-37153-3473 from the USDA Competitive Grants Office and grant 23-088 from the USDA Forest Service. Thanks to Dr Ming Tu Chang for her helpful advice.     

企业内部审计工作机制的创新

从新形势下内部审计的目标定位，职能转换，审计重点等方面对企业内部审计工作机制的创新进行了探讨。     

从内部审计职能转变看高校内审工作发展的新方向

由于国际和国内审计师协会对内部审计定义的修订,内部审计职能较之以前有了较大变化。作为内部审计组成之一的高校内部审计也应由监督职能向管理职能转变,针对这一变化,文章提出了内部审计工作发展的新方向。     

中小企业如何加强存货管理

针对当前我国工业企业存货管理存在的“三重三轻”问题,提出加强存货管理人员培训、实行内部会计控制、狠抓存货管理制度落实、及时处理存货管理问题等措施来加强存货管理。