流体间界面张力的热力学研究进展(非表面活性剂体系)

流体间的界面张力是石油工业、化工、湿法冶金及环境保护等领域中重要的基础数据。界面现象的统计力学研究已取得了很大的发展。文中介绍了近年来国内外在非表面活性剂体系界面张力的热力学研究方面的进展 ,主要包括如下 3个方面 :非表面活性剂体系界面张力的数据来源 ;界面张力的热力学研究 ,强调了泛函理论和微扰理论的应用 ;分子模拟方法在界面张力研究中的应用。     

三辛胺从硫酸体系中萃取Cr2O72-的界面反应动力学研究

采用改进的动态单滴法 ,研究了用三辛胺 (TOA)在硫酸介质中萃取Cr2 O72 - 的界面反应动力学 ,得到界面反应方程 .实验结果表明 ,在 pH =1的溶液中 ,( 2 5± 1 )℃时TOA萃取Cr2 O72 - 的反应对水相中的Cr2 O72 - 浓度呈一级反应 ,对TOA的浓度呈 0 5级反应     

辐射增强界面PP／PE共混体系

介绍了改善不相容聚合物共混物界面粘接的一种崭新方法，应用ＳＥＭ技术以动态热力学进行研究。探讨辐射增强界面反应时ＰＰ／ＰＥ不相容共混物体系相界面粘接的影响。并结合溶解度参数的方法评估多官能团单体ＴＭＰＴＭ在ＰＰ／ＰＥ共混物中的分布状况。结果表明，辐射增强界面反应方法是改善不相容聚合物共混物界面粘接的有效途径。     

一类拟线性方程边值问题的跳跃层讨论

讨论了一类二阶拟线性方程边值问题     

Interfacial interaction between polyurethane/poly (methacrylateco-styrene) coating and the regenerated cellulose film

Water-resistant films were prepared by coating the surface of regenerated cellulose films with castor oil-based polyurethane (PU)/ poly-(methacrylate-co-styrene) [P (MA-St)]. The effects of the ratio of PU to P (MA-St) copolymer on tensile strength (dry and wet states), vapor permeability, size stability, and water resistivity of the coated films were studied. The interfacial interaction between cellulose and the PU/P (MA-St) coating was analyzed using infrared (IR), ultraviolet (UV), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential thermal analysis (DTA), and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). The results indicated that the mechanical properties and water resistivity of the coated films significantly enhanced, and the biodegradability was displayed, when the ratio of PU to P (MA-St) was 8∶2 by weight. The chemical bonds and hydrogen bonds between the cellulose, PU, and the copolymer exist in the coated films. It is regarded that PU/P (MA-St) semi-interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) were formed, and a shared network of PU with both the cellulose and the coating in the coated film occurred simultaneously resulting in a strong bonding between the coating layer and the film. Supported by the State Economy and Trade Commission of China Gong Ping: born in 1963, Ph. D candidate     

用于测量泡状流相分布的三维照相法

同时测量泡状流的空泡率和界面密度分布来描述泡状流的相分布 ,对于研究非均匀尺寸气泡或大变形气泡形成的泡状流极为重要。设计了一种非接触式的三维照相法测量泡状流的相分布。针对垂直的实验管段 ,利用一面 45°放置的镜子反映流动的侧视图 ,同时拍摄流动的正视图和侧视图的镜像 ,并对照片进行分析 ,可确定拍摄时刻测量段每个气泡的空间位置及形状尺寸 ,从而确定测量段泡状流的相分布。误差分析表明 ,这种测量方法在低空泡率条件下测量误差一般不超过 10 % ,它是一种低成本、高精度的绝对测量方法     

Interfacial reaction between the oxidized SiC particles and Al-Mg alloys

The interfacial reactions of oxidized SiC particles reinforced Al-Mg matrix composites were investigated by the field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), TEM and X-ray diffraction. It was found that the nanoscale MgO forms initially due to the interfacial reaction, then whether it reacts with molten Al continuously or not depends on the content of Mg in the matrix and its covering densification at the surface of particles. When there is not enough Mg in the matrix for the formation of dense MgO layer, MgO will transform into MgAl₂O₄ crystal owing to the continuous reaction with SiO₂ and molten Al. When dense MgO layer forms at the surface of the particles due to the affluence of Mg for the initial reaction, it will protect the inner SiC from the attack of molten Al. However, the reaction products of both MgO and MgAl₂O₄ are thermo-stable phases at the surface of the particles under high temperature. The results clarify the interfacial reaction route and they are of great value to the control of the interfacial reactions and their interfacial design of the composites.     

论社科术语翻译研究的多层次与多维度

由于社科术语的复杂性和特殊性,社科术语翻译研究呈现多层次和多维度等特征。就研究内容而言,其多层次表征于社科术语的语言系统、概念系统和文化系统;就研究视角而论,其多维度则体现在语言维、概念维及文化维。而研究内容和研究视角的不同,又决定了社科术语翻译研究方法的多取向:语言学研究途径、概念史研究途径及文化传播研究途径等。     

18-冠-6/KOH 络合体系催化制备高通量聚酰胺反渗透膜

 反渗透膜技术是一种重要的纯水供应技术,制备高通量反渗透膜成为研究热点。采用冠醚(18-crown-6)与KOH 的络合性缚酸剂催化界面聚合反应制备聚酰胺反渗透膜,利用18-crown-6 能与缚酸剂无机碱(KOH)形成络合物,加速KOH 从水相到有机相的扩散,可以促进聚合反应的进行。通过此方法制备得到了厚度更薄、表面适度水解的分离膜,明显提高了膜的水通量。通过扫描电子显微镜和X 射线光电子能谱技术显示,冠醚的添加可以有效抑制KOH 导致的聚合单体的水解,保证膜具有合理的离子选择性,解决了使用纯KOH 做缚酸剂时会明显降低膜分离性能的问题,对NaCl 的截留率保持在90%以上,使用Cs⁺作为截留离子发现,该膜对Cs⁺同样具有良好的截留能力,说明缚酸剂对反渗透膜分离性能的改变基本不受电解质类型的影响。     

超浅疏松地层气、水层识别方法——以大庆某地区黑帝庙层为例

 大庆某地区黑帝庙储层压实程度低、成岩作用差、物性好,导致气、水层的电性特征相近而难以区分.在储层岩性、物性、水性和电性关系分析的基础上,确立中子测井为气层敏感曲线.以中子测井曲线为核心,建立中子测井与深侧向电阻率、密度、声波时差的交会图,确定气层解释下限标准.利用电阻率与声波时差、自然电位以及中子测井与密度、声波时差在气、水层匹配关系的不同,提出多曲线重叠与气测资料综合定性判断气层方法.为进一步扩大气层响应特征,采用多曲线定量计算气层解释综合判断参数,并与自然电位曲线交会区分气、水层,取得较好效果.15 口试气井解释结果与试气结论进行背对背验证,气层解释符合率达到了84.4%.