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51.
可变运动副作为变拓扑机构改变拓扑结构的关键所在,其结构设计是变拓扑机构构型综合的难点.基于可变运动副拓扑变化方式的研究,构建可变运动副设计目录,用于可变运动副的结构设计.分别针对可变运动副的改变轴线方位、改变数目和改变类型等三类拓扑变化过程,分析可变运动副的约束变化特征,并采用运动副约束函数的算术运算进行描述.在归纳设计可变运动副结构形式的基础上,对可变运动副拓扑变化方式、约束变化特征和对应结构等设计信息进行分类和汇编,构建可变运动副设计目录.应用实例表明,采用可变运动副设计目录,能快速有效地设计可变运动副结构,为含可变运动副的变拓扑机构构型综合提供了方便. 相似文献
52.
This paper, which presents an annotated checklist of the ‘lower Nymphalidae’ (Libytheinae, Danainae, Satyrinae, Charaxinae), is the fourth in a series on the butterfly fauna of Mount Kilimanjaro. Four genera of lower Nymphalidae (Danaus, Amauris, Bicyclus, Charaxes), with a total of 11 included species, are known or believed to occur within the main forest zone, from c. 1800 to 2800 m. Of these, only three species of Charaxes (Charaxes berkeleyi, Charaxes ansorgei, Charaxes xiphares) may be restricted locally to this primary forest. The lower slopes fauna, below 1800 m, is considerably richer, with a total of 11 genera and 41 species listed (8 species of which extend into the forest zone). Possible additional species, dubious earlier records, problems with African subspecies of Danaus chrysippus, a need for more work on certain Satyrinae, and classification of the genus Charaxes are discussed. An identification key to the subfamilies of Nymphalidae, and the 19 genera of Libytheinae, Danainae, Satyrinae, Charaxinae that occur in Tanzania, together with a key to the adults of all the species of these four subfamilies considered to occur or have occurred on Kilimanjaro, with 206 colour images, are included as online Supplementary Information. 相似文献
53.
中国从19世纪初到现在接触和使用英语已有近两百年的历史,由于中西文化的相互影响和渗透,许多汉语的词汇逐渐进入英语,成为英语的一部分。中国英语以英国英语为核心,但有着鲜明的中国特色。本文拟从语言变异:中国因素的融入根源、顺应理论:验证中国因素的表现特色、英语全球化、本土化:引导中国因素的发展趋势三个方面阐释英语中的中国因素。 相似文献
54.
55.
María Camila Basto-Riascos Jhulyana López-Caro Fernando Vargas-Salinas 《Journal of Natural History》2017,51(41-42):2535-2550
Population and reproductive behaviour aspects of the glass frog Espadarana prosoblepon are well known for populations from Central America, but similar information is lacking for populations from South America. We recorded the reproductive ecology of a population of the glass frog E. prosoblepon in the city of Armenia, Central Andes of Colombia. With weekly surveys with mark-recapture between December 2013 and November 2015, we monitored activity patterns and evaluated if the probability of males mating is associated to their body size or to chorus tenure (i.e. the number of nights a same individual is calling for attracting a mate). In addition, upon observing an amplexus, we recorded the behaviour of the individuals until oviposition and noted characteristics of egg clutch. We recorded 47 males and 32 females, nine amplexus events, eight ovipositions, and 21 egg clutches (35.4 ± 4.79 eggs per clutch, N = 29). Activity of males and females and the number of egg clutches were positively correlated to rainfall. Mating success of males was not associated to their body size, but it was positively associated to longer chorus tenure; clutches from large females had a higher number of eggs than clutches from small females. Oviposition occurred on average 3.76 ± 1.74 hours after we first observed the amplexus, occurring 93.1% of the time in fronds of Selaginella geniculata at an average height of 1.58 ± 0.44 m. After the oviposition, the male left the site, while the female remained between 30 and 45 min, partially covering the eggs. The reproductive behaviour of E. prosoblepon did not vary widely between a population in Costa Rica and our population in time to oviposition, and mating success of males associated to chorus tenure; however, in our study population we recorded a larger clutch size and the preference for S. geniculata fronds as oviposition substrate. 相似文献
56.
Information about interpopulational variation of diet is important for thoroughly understanding the ecological niche of a species, the possible attributes that have allowed it to live in different habitats and ecosystems (if it is the case) and the degree of dietary specialization. This study compared dietary composition and diversity, size of prey consumed and feeding intensity between two geographically proximate populations of Craugastor alfredi, inhabiting contrasting habitats: one located in a remnant tropical rainforest and the other population located within a cave entrance, in eastern Mexico. A total of 118 frogs (50 from rainforest and 68 from cave) were stomach-flushed and, from those, 86 had at least one prey item (42 from rainforest and 44 from cave). Consumption proportions of orthopterans differed between habitats, with frogs from the cave having higher importance values of this prey than frogs from the rainforest. Additionally, both dietary diversity and feeding intensity were higher in the rainforest population. It was concluded that the generalized diet of C. alfredi, besides the high consumption of orthopterans by the cave population, may have contributed to its success in cave entrances. Nonetheless, other non-feeding attributes like small body size, direct development and semiarboreality may also facilitate the use of rock crevices in caves for foraging and reproduction. 相似文献
57.
《Journal of Natural History》2012,46(5):1289-1302
Padogobius martensii, a freshwater gobiid fish from the Po basin and adjoining rivers of northeastern Italy, is now recorded from Yugoslavia (Dalmatia), and further rivers of the Italian Adriatic seaboard. Diagnostic features are summarized, with special reference to another freshwater goby of the area, Orsinigobius punctatissimus. The origin of the Dalmatian populations is discussed with reference to sea-level changes in the postglacial Adriatic basin. Meristic polymorphism in dorsal pterygiophore sequence is described in the various P. martensii populations and its significance noted for polarization of character states in this feature. 相似文献
58.
唐秀娟 《宝鸡文理学院学报(自然科学版)》2012,32(3):1-3
目的讨论有界变差函数BV[0,1]和Sobolev类w:[0,1]的Muntz有理逼近问题。方法应用构造性分析的方法进行研究。结果给出了在较为广泛条件下Muntz有理逼近的速度估计。结论所得结果说明Muntz有理函数可以实现对于有界变差函数和Sobolev函数的逼近。 相似文献
59.
基于图像的AC20型混合料集料接触分布变异性 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为量化集料之间的接触关系,提出了一种基于数字图像的沥青混合料集料接触分析方法,以AC20型沥青混合料为例,对72个车辙板试件切片图像进行处理,得到每个切片上集料接触数量及集料特征;通过统计分析,得到AC20型沥青混合料接触对总体分布规律,各档集料的接触对分布规律及单颗集料接触数分布规律;并分析了大于2.36 mm集料含量C>2.36,集料级配的细度指数FI和离析指数SI对样本接触对数量变异性的影响规律及这三个指标的内在联系.通过对AC20型沥青混合料接触状况的量化分析,可将接触特征作为混合料级配设计的参考因素,指导级配设计. 相似文献
60.
基于叶片角变化规律的液力变矩器改型设计法 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
研究了三维设计环境下液力变矩器叶栅系统改型设计方法,提出以叶片角变化规律为基础对原型叶片进行改型设计.首先,通过初始化图形交换规范(IGES)与三维软件交换叶栅系统的三维信息;然后,利用De Boor算法的开花计算叶片上各点处的叶片角,将反映叶片角沿叶片内外环设计基线变化的曲线拟合成非均匀有理B样条(NURBS),通过调整NURBS曲线的控制点以及各控制点权重值,实现叶片角变化规律的调整;确定了新的叶片角变化规律后,叶片的空间形状即可确定,从而可以生成新的叶栅系统模型;最后,对新生成的叶栅系统进行性能预测,得到满意的结果后即可进入后续详细设计阶段.利用该方法构建了液力变矩器改型平台,使用该平台分别以提高变矩性能和提高效率为目标对某款液力变矩器进行改型研究,结果表明所提出的方法行之有效,有助于提高改型设计的效率. 相似文献