应用水滴随机喷溅数学模型预测挑流泄洪雾化的雨强分布

以初始抛射速度、出射角、偏移角和水滴直径等4个物理量为随机变量，建立了水滴随机碰溅的数学模型，并应用龙格一库塔(Runge-Kutta)法和蒙特卡罗(Monte-Carlo)法，求得挑流泄洪雾化的地面降雨强度．在数学模型验证的基础上．应用水滴随机碰溅的数学模型预测了某水电站挑流泄洪雾化的雨强分布．     

混凝土内裂纹沿水泥石/骨料界面或穿透骨料发展的条件

采用有限元方法,通过计算能量释放率并与材料断裂韧性对比,对弯曲荷载下骨料/水泥石界面区域裂纹走向进行分析判定。研究了水泥石、骨料性质对裂纹走向的影响。计算结果表明,对于给定骨料的混凝土,随着混凝土抗压强度(σ_c)的增大,弯曲型裂纹和穿透性裂纹两种裂纹走向的能量释放率之比呈逐渐减小趋势,而界面与骨科的断裂韧性之比则逐渐增大。两曲线的交点为的临界点,对应的混凝土标准抗压强度称为临界抗压强度σ_(cr)。当σ_c<σ_(cr)时,裂纹将沿水泥石与骨料的分界面发展,形成弯曲型裂纹;当σ_c>σ_(cr)时,裂纹将穿透骨料发展,形成穿透型裂纹。骨料种类对于σ_(cr)值的影响较大,花岗岩骨料为80 MPa左右,卵石骨料为72MPa,石灰石骨料为58MPa。     

Vaidya-Bonner黑洞的瞬时辐出度

利用Vaidya--Bonner黑洞视界面附近的熵密度，导出黑洞的瞬时辐出度，得到了任一时刻黑洞的瞬时辐出度总是正比于黑洞视界温度的四次方的结论。导出的广义Stefan—Boltzmann系数不再是一个恒量，而是一个与黑洞视界的变化率、黑洞视界面附近的时空度规及黑洞的吸收与辐射系数有关的一个动比例系数。揭示了黑洞周围的引力场与其热辐射之间存在着必然的内在联系。     

挖金湾矿采空区积水的综合探测

采空区积水严重时，会导致工作面以至整个矿井的淹没，因此，必须正确运用多种方法探测采空区积水，解除水患。以瞬变电磁法为主，辅以浅层地震和激发极化测深法对挖金湾矿14#层8916工作面上方小窑采空区积水进行探测，取得了较为理想的效果。     

Problems of antiplane strain of electrically permeable cracks between bonded dissimilar piezoelectric materials

The electrically pcrmeable slit crack within a piezoelectric body is treated as a bonded interface in electrostatics. The electric boundary conditions along the interface should be the continuity of the tangent component of the electric field strength and the normal component of thc electric displacement. Using such boundary conditions, the problems of antiplane strain of collinear cracks between bonded dissimilar piezoelectric materiala are exactly analyzed. Solutions of the complex potentials in a closed form are given for a single and two interface cracks. It is shown from the solutions that the stress, strain, electric field strength and electric displacement have (1/2) type of singularity at the crack tip, and the energy release rate for crack propagation depends only on both stress intensity factor and strain intensity factor.     

缺口对聚苯乙烯夏比冲击断面形态及特征尺寸的影响

对缺口ＰＳ试样进行了不同缺口深度α和缺口要部曲率半径ｒ下的夏比冲击实验,通过测定裂缝应端能量释放率Ｇ,考虑了α、ｒ与断面开矿特征尺寸的关系。指出随缺口深度的增大,冲击功下降,裂纹尖端能量释放率呈上升趋势;随缺口根部曲率半径增大,冲击功耗呈增大趋势。镜面区尺寸不随缺口深度的改变而改变;肋状区肋条宽度随缺口深度增大呈下降趋势,而随缺口根部同率半径增大呈上升趋势。其原因可能是α、ｒ的变化使得裂纹尖端应力     

利用改变装填量对循环系统药物释放进行控制

本文将化学工程学原理应用于药物控制释放这一交叉学科,针对膜相控制释放进行了动力学研究．建立、推导了“准稳态、环境浓度不断提高的释放动力学模型”,解决了现有模型“环境介质为无限渗阱”假设产生的偏差,使模型更接近于实际释放过程．利用药物装填量这一容易调节的参数对循环系统药物释放进行控制．设计了聚乙烯醇／维生素B2混合药膜的圆筒壁循环释放体系．利用该体系验证了本文所建立的模型．     

Bromocriptine/SKF38393 ameliorates islet dysfunction in the diabetic (db/db) mouse

Dysfunction of pancreatic islets plays a crucial role in the etiology of type II diabetes. Chronic hyperglycaemia or hyperlipidaemia may impair islet function. Previous studies by our laboratory have demonstrated that dopaminergic agonists ameliorated hyperglycaemia and hyperlipidaemia in obese and diabetic rodents. In the present study, we investigated the effect of a treatment with the dopamine D₂ /D₁ receptor agonists (bromocriptine/SKF38393, BC/SKF) on islet dysfunction in db/db mice. Our results show that a 2-week BC/SKF treatment markedly reduced hyperglycaemia and hyperlipidaemia, and significantly improved islet dysfunction demonstrated by an increase of secretagogue-stimulated insulin release from islets of db/db mice to levels observed in islets from lean mice. There was also a fourfold increase of insulin content in the pancreas of BC/SKF-treated db/db mice compared with that in untreated controls. The effect of BC/SKF on islet function cannot be mimicked in pair-fed animals. BC/SKF had no direct stimulatory effect on islet insulin secretion, suggesting BC/SKF treatment improved islet function via an indirect mechanism. This treatment markedly improved the abnormally elevated daily levels of corticosterone, blood glucose and plasma lipids, supporting the view that BC/SKF may affect the neuroendocrine system that in turn regulates peripheral metabolism and thereby improves islet function. Received 3 April 1998; accepted 27 April 1998     

Genetic ecology: A new interdisciplinary science,fundamental for evolution,biodiversity and biosafety evaluations

Genetic ecology is the extension of our modern knowledge in molecular genetics to studies of viability, gene expression and gene movements in natural environments like soils, aquifers and digestive tracts. In such milieux, the horizontal transfer of plasmid-borne genes between phylogenetically distant species has already been found to be much more frequent than had been expected from laboratory experience. For the study of exchanges involving chromosomally-located genes, more has to be learned about the behaviour of transposons in such environments. The results expected from studies in genetic ecology are relevant for considerations of evolution, biodiversity and biosafety. The role of this new field of research in restoring popular confidence in science and in its biotechnological applications is stressed.     

喀斯特流域空间结构与地貌瞬时单位线应用──以贵州后寨地下河流域为例

研究区为一喀斯特流域，具有特定的空间结构特征：双重含水介质，不闭合流域边界，二元结构的水系。根据地貌瞬时单位线的概念和方法，划分河系为３级河网，用瞬时单位线法模拟喀斯特水文过程。