Influence of environmental conditions on the amount of N2O released from activated sludge in a domestic waste water treatment plant

Waste water purification is characterized by intensive mineralization and nitrification processes. Because of the high O₂ demand, temporarily anaerobic conditions may be produced, and denitrification by nitrifying organisms as well as heterotropic denitrification may contribute to N₂O release. In situ measurements (1993–1994) suggest that N₂O is released from activated sludge in a domestic waste water treatment plant at an average rate of 1040 g m^–2h^–1 with a range between zero and 6198 g m^–2h^–1. The production of N₂O seems to be related to the concentration of NO ₂ ^– and NO ₃ ^– as well as to the pH. In the waste water about 75–200 g N₂O l^–1 is dissolved. This N₂O is released after discharge into the receiving waters. The N₂O is produced essentially by nitrification rather than by heterotropic denitrification. On a long-term scale the increasing use of mechanical-biological waste water purification plants world-wide may add increasingly to the anthropogenic production of N₂O, although the present amount of N₂O produced is negligible compared to its global terrestrial production.     

火源热释放速率对中庭火灾自然排烟的影响分析

利用计算流体动力学的方法,以连通地铁站和商业区的中庭为模型,研究了火源热释放速率对中庭火灾自然排烟策略的影响.火源热释放速率分别设为2,3,4 MW,模拟结果表明:中庭采用自然排烟策略,当室外环境温度低于5℃时,火源热释放速率由2MW增大到4MW的过程中,自然排烟策略失效;当室外环境温度高于25℃时,烟气可由中庭天窗稳定排出,且随着火源热释放速率的增大,自然排烟效果增强;随着室外温度的增加,中庭内外温差减小,火源热释放速率的变化对中庭自然排烟的影响减小.     

工件带准备时间的平行机调度问题的一个近似算法

提出了一个启发式算法,在该算法中,工件中断的次数至多为2N次,计算的复杂度为O(Nnlogn),并以一个实例加以说明.证明了对某些特殊的实例,该算法能够得到最优调度.指出了对于一般情况该算法的最坏情况误差界为(2(n-1))/n.     

The glycinergic inhibitory synapse

Glycine is one of the most important inhibitory neurotransmitters in the spinal cord and the brainstem, and glycinergic synapses have a well-established role in the regulation of locomotor behavior. Research over the last 15 years has yielded new insights on glycine neurotransmission. Glycinergic synapses are now known not to be restricted to the spinal cord and the brainstem. Presynaptic machinery for glycine release and uptake, the structure and function of postsynaptic receptors and the factors (both pre- and postsynaptic) which control the strength of glycinergic inhibition have been extensively studied. It is now established that glycinergic synapses can be excitatory in the immature brain and that some inhibitory synapses can corelease γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glycine. Moreover, the presence of glycine transporters on glial cells and the capacity of these cells to release glycine suggest that glycine may also act as a neuromodulator. Extensive molecular studies have revealed the presence of distinct subtypes of postsynaptic glycine receptors with different functional properties. Mechanisms of glycine receptors aggregation at postsynaptic sites during development are better understood and functional implications of variation in receptor number between postsynaptic sites are partly elucidated. Mutations of glycine receptor subunits have been shown to underly some human locomotor disorders, including the startle disease. Clearly, recent work on glycine receptor channels and the synapses at which they mediate inhibitory signalling in both young and adult animals necessitates an update of our vision of glycinergic inhibitory transmission. Received 8 September 2000; received after revision 1 December 2000; accepted 21 December 2000     

图算力法

受力矩分配法和力法的启发,图算力法发展成为适用广泛、力学概念清晰、计算程式规范的一种精确计算方法.将结构计算图转化为等价的0阶计算图.由构建方法的需要,区分为主、附未知量.边看计算图边计算其主附未知量,图算有收敛计算和复原计算.     

T-S图求拐点法判断P-V图直线热力学吸放热过程

采用在 T -S(温熵图 )图求拐点方法 ,即利用拐点坐标满足条件 (dSdT) E =0 ,给出判断P-V图直线热力学过程吸放热的一般方法     

平板式与真空管式太阳热水器瞬时效率实验曲线分析

依据对数十台太阳热水器热性能的测试数据，对平工太阳热水器与真空管式太阳热水器的瞬时效率曲线进行了比较，并对它们之间的明显差异进行了定性分析。结论为，不能用与平板式太阳水器相同的格式和标准对真空管式太阳热水器进行非稳态效率的评价。     

混合药膜包膜体系缓释动力学模型的近似解

分析了混合药膜包膜体系中药物的缓释机理，建立了C     

基于瞬时测频原理的高机动隐身目标检测算法

高速、高机动隐身飞行器严重压缩了防空导弹雷达导引头的探测威力,而通过增加相参积累时间提高导引头灵敏度是解决此问题的有效技术途径之一。提出一种基于瞬时测频原理的长时间相参积累算法,用于脉冲多普勒雷达导引头对隐身目标的检测。该算法将电子对抗领域成熟的瞬时测频技术创新应用于雷达导引头的目标检测过程中,通过对弹目相对加速度的盲估计,补偿回波信号中的二次项,使得因弹目相对加速度产生的频谱展宽问题得以解决。补偿后的回波信号相参积累时间得以增加,这使得导引头检测灵敏度随之提高。仿真条件下,此算法将导引头的截获灵敏度提高了12.5 dB,作用距离提升一倍有余。此算法还可以推广应用到弹目加加速度或者更高次项存在的情况。     

考虑瞬时停车延误的信号灯闭环控制策略研究

提出一种基于瞬时停车延误的孤立交叉口信号灯闭环控制策略.以交叉口瞬时停车延误总量作为控制参量,其值达到阈值时实时切换交叉口信号灯状态,把信号灯绿灯信号分配给需求最高的道路,不再有信号灯周期的概念.在车流量400～800辆/h变化的情况下,进行了传统的Web-ster周期控制和新策略控制仿真对比实验.仿真结果表明:新策略控制条件下,车辆平均通行时间明显小于传统控制策略,在800辆/h的流量下,仅为传统策略的44%;该策略对控制阈值不敏感,当流量为800辆/h时,车辆平均通行时间最大相对误差仅为11%;该策略获得的多组平均通行时间具有较小的方差,当流量为800辆/h时方差仅为0.895s.