损伤与断裂耦合效应的能量理论研究及应用

以Ⅰ型裂纹为主要研究对象,基于能量法和损伤能量释放率的概念,推导出一种用于描述裂纹尖端邻域内损伤场与断裂场的耦合效应参数:损伤型能量释放率.运用双G模型理论,应用ANSYS仿真分析三点弯曲梁的裂纹扩展过程,把得到的损伤型能量释放率结果与损伤断裂的参数进行对比分析.结合盖下拱坝工程有限元模型,将人工底缝前沿损伤型的能量释放率、平均损伤、能量释放率以及损伤能量释放率4者随水位变化的发展进行比较,说明该参数可以综合考虑损伤与断裂的耦合效应.此外,建立了该参数的应用模式.     

一种含噪声多模态调频调幅信号的提取方法

针对结构健康监测过程中的Lamb波多表现为复杂的多模态调频调幅信号,而无法实现对其模态成分进行精确提取的问题,提出了一种计算信号各模态在短时傅里叶平面上频率宽度的方法.通过对调频调幅信号的短时傅里叶变换能量分布的深入分析,将拟重构的模态成分宽度分为瞬时带宽区域和加窗旁瓣区域两部分,解决了影响模态提取精度的关键问题,从而利用时频变换的逆变换重构区域系数,实现了调频调幅信号成分模态的精确提取.通过对模拟信号提取误差的对比验证分析,由调频调幅模态的提取结果表明了该方法的有效性和鲁棒性.     

虫草素和虫草素/双层氢氧化物纳米复合物对HeLa细胞生长抑制

为解决虫草素在体内被腺苷脱氢酶(ADA)快速降解的问题,制备虫草素/LDH复合物,研究其在体内外对虫草素的缓释以及对HeLa细胞的生长抑制作用.结果表明:当虫草素/LDH复合物中虫草素质量浓度为30,60,90μg·mL-1时,复合物对HeLa细胞的生长抑制率分别为52.4%、61.3%、79.6%,与虫草素对照组比较,P<0.01.显微镜观察发现,当虫草素质量浓度60μg·mL-1时,虫草素/LDH复合物使大部分HeLa细胞死亡;虫草素的对照组HeLa细胞死亡较少,但细胞内部明显出现空泡.虫草素/LDH复合物体外释放表明,虫草素插入LDH双层结构之后,使虫草素释放速度明显被降低.对SD大鼠腹腔给药后,虫草素/LDH复合物血药最高质量浓度为82.1μg·mL-1,在药后1.5h出现,虫草素对照组的血药最高质量浓度为75.3μg·mL-1,在给药后1h出现.     

云南省玉米灰斑病菌孢子相关生物学特性研究

为探明玉米灰斑病在云南省发病较重的原因,该试验在田间条件下,采用人工喷雾接种玉米灰斑病菌,研究玉米灰斑病潜育期、病斑产孢、孢子飞散以及菌龄、温度、湿度和光照对孢子萌发的影响.结果表明:昆明地区玉米灰斑病在感病品种会单4号上的潜育期为12～13d;病斑产孢量随显症天数的增加呈单峰曲线,显症后24～27d病斑产孢量达到最大值;玉米灰斑病菌孢子主要在夜间飞散,风或雨有助于孢子的飞散与传播;菌龄对孢子萌发影响较大,随菌龄的增长,孢子萌发率降低;在10～30℃时,分生孢子均能萌发,但以22℃最适,35℃以上或4℃时均不能萌发;水滴有利于孢子萌发,光照对孢子萌发影响较小.     

Dialdehyde starch nanoparticles as antitumor drug delivery system: An in vitro, in vivo, and immunohistological evaluation

Sustaining the release of therapeutic nanoparticles in a cell-, tissue-, or disease-specific manner is a potentially powerful technology. A new drug carrier-dialdehyde starch nanoparticle (DASNP) that can sustain the loading and release of 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) antitumor drug is reported in this study. IR spectrophotometer and 1H NMR confirmed the formation of aldehyde groups, and scan electron microscope determinations showed that the dialdehyde starch nanoparticles obtained had an average diameter of 90 nm. 5-Fu, the model drug, was conjugated into nanoparticles by aldehyde groups. These 5-Fu-binding nanoparticles significantly enhanced breast cancer cell (MCF-7) inhibition in vitro compared with free 5-Fu. After subcutaneous 0 injection in the breast tumor-loaded rats, 5-Fu-DASNP exhibited remarkable tumor-inhibitory efficacy determined by measuring tumor weight in vivo. The tumor inhibition of 5-Fu-DASNP was 61%±6%, whereas that of free 5-Fu was only 42%±4%. Bcl-2/Bax immunohistochem-istry studies indicated that 5-Fu-DASNP remarkably induced tumor tissue necrosis. These results demonstrated that the DASNP prepared in this work is a potentially effective drug carrier.     

POSS改性植物油乳液脱模剂的制备及其性能表征

文章以植物油为原料,通过过氧乙酸环氧化,乙酸开环制备植物油醇,用丁二酰氯将POSS接枝到植物油醇中,得到POSS-植物油聚合物;通过在植物油中添加不同质量分数的POSS-植物油聚合物制备植物油乳液,合成了POSS改性植物油乳液脱模剂;研究了该类脱模剂的脱模性能,结果表明,符合混凝土脱模剂标准的要求,且随着POSS-植物油聚合物质量分数的增加,脱模效果有了明显的提高。植物油基脱模剂绿色环保,符合绿色化学的要求。     

In vitro study of poly(ethylene carbonate) as a drug-eluting stent coating

An in vitro feasibility study of the use of poly(ethylene carbonate) (PEC) as a biodegradable coating material for drug-eluting stents is reported, and the performance of PEC is compared with that of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of PEC and PLGA discs after treatment with an alkaline KO2 solution as a superoxide source showed that the PEC maintained its integrity whereas holes and small particles appeared during the treatment of PLGA. Sirolimus and paclitaxel were loaded into PEC and PLGA in order to study drug release performance. Attenuated total reflectance–infrared (ATR– FTIR) spectroscopy of sirolimus, PEC and the sirolimus-loaded PEC coating showed that no chemical reaction occurred between sirolimus and PEC. The results of atomic force microscopy (AFM) revealed that the mean roughness (Ra) values of the bare metal stent (BMS) and the drugeluting stent (DES) were 2.3 nm and 1.0 nm, respectively. After balloon expansion experiments, no delamination or destruction of the PEC coating was observed. The drug release profile of sirolimus was different from that of paclitaxel when PEC was employed as the drug carrier, and the release curves of sirolimus were different when PEC and PLGA were used as drug carriers. All the experimental results demonstrated that PEC was one of the best potential stent-coating materials.     

不同结构的平板式阳台壁挂太阳能热水系统性能分析

针对竖直式和水平式两种流道结构的集热器进行对比试验,根据相关参数对两种热水系统的热性能进行了计算和对比分析,结果表明水平式流道的平板热水系统在瞬时效率、日平均效率、日有用得热量和升温性能4个方面均优于竖直式流道的平板太阳能热水系统。     

宝天曼自然保护区油松生长释放研究

利用采自宝天曼自然保护区的一组油松(Pinus tabulaeformis Carr.)树轮样芯,根据树木年轮学的基本方法测量油松样芯的年轮宽度并交叉定年,通过生长变化率的大小对生长释放事件进行了判定.结果显示77.78%的油松有过一次以上的生长释放事件,平均每棵油松的释放次数为4.6次;随着油松年龄的增长,林窗逐渐开放,油松生长释放次数逐渐增多,不同年龄段31～40 a、41～50 a、51～60 a、>60 a的油松,平均每株释放次数分别为1.6、3.6、4.6、11.3次;不同年龄的油松在1969和1999年左右出现了较大的生长释放事件.     

基于APF的地铁供配电系统谐波补偿研究

随着各种非线性用电设备的广泛使用,造成地铁供配电系统谐波含量不断增加。针对目前大部分地铁车站采用LC无源滤波装置这一谐波治理措施存在的只能消除特定的几次谐波、易产生谐波等缺陷这一问题,提出在地铁降压变电所0.4kV侧装设有源电力滤波器(active power filter,APF)方案,以对供配电系统的谐波进行补偿。阐述了APF的工作原理;引入均流调节器与基于瞬时无功功率理论的i_p-i_q谐波检测法中的低通滤波器级联提出一种基于级联低通滤波器的电流谐波检测改进型方法;引入模糊自适应PI控制器加以电流反馈形成电压闭环控制从而更好地稳定直流侧电容电压以提高谐波补偿效果;最后在MATLAB/Simulink平台构建仿真模型。仿真结果表明所提出的基于APF的地铁供配电系统谐波补偿系统在实现良好地稳定直流侧电容电压的情况下同时能够提高电流谐波的检测精度,具有更优的谐波补偿性能。