植物组织结构与抗虫性的关系(综述)

植物对植食性昆虫的防御体系包括组成防御体系和诱导防御体系两个方面,笔者从叶片、树皮、树干等不同部分论述了植物组织结构与抗虫性的关系,说明植物的物理、化学防御体系在植物的抗虫机制中起着重要的作用.     

二维小波变换在粮虫图像处理中的应用

提出了用小波变换检测储粮害虫图像边缘的方法,这种方法通过对二维小波变换图像局部极大值的检测得到图像的边缘信息.计算表明,将二维小波变换应用于储粮害虫的图像去噪和边缘检测,不仅可以保留图像的边缘特征,视觉效果好,还可以得到较清晰的粮虫特征图像,为粮虫图像特征提取打下了良好的基础.     

Natural history of a South African insect pollinator assemblage (Insecta: Coleoptera,Diptera, Hymenoptera,Lepidoptera): diagnostic notes,food web analysis and conservation recommendations

We describe activity patterns, relative abundances and pollen transport by insect floral visitors in the Skukuza Ranger District, Kruger National Park, Republic of South Africa, based on field surveys conducted during the early rainy seasons of years 2006 to 2012 (inclusive). Diagnostic notes, illustrations and natural history observations are provided for species in the families Buprestidae, Cerambycidae, Cleridae, Lycidae and Scarabaeidae (Coleoptera), Muscidae, Platystomatidae and Tabanidae (Diptera), Apidae, Halictidae, Megachilidae, Sphecidae and Vespidae (Hymenoptera), and Pieridae and Thyrididae (Lepidoptera) that transported pollen of tree or shrub species. Observations on floral phenology and pollination syndrome are presented for 27 flowering tree or shrub species. To provide a foundation for studies of the effects of drought and climate change on pollination services in the Kruger National Park, we applied methods of food web analysis to characterise this plant-pollinator assemblage. The food web analysis shows moderate levels of redundancy in plant-pollinator interactions (with connectance values averaging 0.19 for plant species and 0.20 for pollinator species), suggesting that pollination services in this system may exhibit some resilience to environmental perturbations. Possible conservation strategies for maintaining pollination services in this ecological system are discussed, including habitat management to conserve larval or nesting areas for social and solitary bees and scarab beetles, as well as further inventories and long-term monitoring of pollinator species.     

Predatory behaviour in Deltochilum: convergent evolution or a primitive character within a clade?

We present data on predatory behaviour in Deltochilum cupreicolle viridescens, which belongs to the subgenus Aganhyboma, and we contrast it with the behaviour of a species from the subgenus Deltohyboma. By this comparison we can investigate whether the predatory behaviour in Deltochilum could have appeared independently in these two subgenera, or if the behaviour is so similar that it suggests a single origin in a possible ancestor exclusive to those two groups. These laboratory studies on the behaviour of Deltochilum c. viridescens individuals on diplopods are described and divided into the following stages: (1) approach and recognition of the diplopod; (2) attack and death of the prey; (3) on-site feeding; (4) transport of the diplopod. The results found here strengthen the hypothesis of a primitive and highly specialized behaviour within a possible clade formed by the predatory species of Diplopoda.     

山东林果害虫病毒研究初报

1986至1989年从山东一些林果害虫中分离出10种病毒,它们是赤松毛虫NPV、侧柏松毛虫NPV、灰斑古毒蛾NPV、古毒蛾NPV、杨尺蠖NPV、双齿绿刺蛾NPV、豆天蛾CPV、扬扇舟蛾CPV、侧柏松毛虫CPV、桃天蛾CPV.     

Differential display analysis of gene expression in invertebrates

Screening for differentially expressed genes is a straightforward approach to study the molecular basis for changes in gene expression. Differential display analysis has been used by investigators in diverse fields of research since it was developed. Differential display has also been the approach of choice to investigate changes in gene expression in response to various biological challenges in invertebrates. We review the application of differential display analysis of gene expression in invertebrates, and provide a specific example using this technique for novel gene discovery in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans.     

山葵主要病虫害防治方法

本文主要根据攀西地区的气候特点，栽培措施，论述了攀西地区山葵种植的主要病虫害的发病特点及其主要防治措施。     

昆虫飞行高升力的一种新解释——柔性楔形效应

以探索仿生扑翼飞行机器人研制为目的,在研究"柔性楔形效应"的基础上,将昆翅视为柔性翅,提出用"柔性楔形效应"解释昆虫飞行高升力的观点.指出了用"柔性楔形效应"解释昆虫飞行高升力的仿生学意义.根据该观点,翅翼在自适应变形状态下施以简单的节律运动将是未来仿生扑翼飞行机器人翅翼驱动方式的发展趋势.仿生运动的模拟越简单越容易稳定地实现,实验小组已设计制作了仿生扑翼飞行机器人样机,并成功进行了多次室外放飞.     

昆虫内外激素的应用前景

农药一般具有毒性,其负面影响往往相当严重.科学家们对于虫害治理的理念开始由“灭杀”向“凋控”转变.昆虫内外激素可以用于调控昆虫的行为,这类物质的研究成为人们关注的热点课题.     

粤北地区引种丰香草莓常见病虫害及防治对策

1998-2001年对韶关引种丰香草莓进行研究,发现大棚栽培的丰香草莓主要有草莓白粉病、草莓灰霉病、草莓炭疽病、草莓叶斑病、草莓黄萎病等真菌病害;以及草莓斑驳病毒、草莓轻型黄边病毒、草莓镶脉病毒、草莓皱缩病毒等病毒病;草莓红蜘蛛、蚜虫、斜纹夜蛾等虫害.经生产实践证明,采用改良土壤结构、高垄栽培、合理轮作、选用无病毒苗及抗病品种栽培、土壤消毒、合理密植、控制氮肥、清洁田园等栽培方法结合生长期药剂防治对草莓常见病虫的抑制有较明显的效果.