EFFECTS OF PROCESS CONDITIONS ON THE STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF GEL-SPUN PVA FIBERS

Some noticeable effects of process conditions, such as coagulation bath, solvent extraction, drying shrinkage and ultra-drawing, on the structure and properties of gel-spun PVA fibers are studied and discussed. High strength and high modulus PVA fibers with tensile strength of 11.3 cN / dtex and initial modulus of 430 cN / dtex have been obtained.     

化纤复丝强度与纤维根数的关系

以单纤维强度服从Weibull分布、纤维束强度服从正态分布条件下纤维束强度与纤维根数间的关系为理论基础，测定分析了实际PET，PA6DTY复丝的平均强度与纤维根数间的关系，得出：复丝内纤维根数增加，复丝的平均强度下降；但当纤维根数增加到一定程度时，由于纤维间的相互作用增大，复丝强度又有所提高．除了强度分布因素外，实际复丝的强度与纤维根数的关系还受到复丝纱线结构、复丝内纤维间相互作用等因素的影响．     

Fibrillation Property of the Lyocell Fibers Treated by N-hydroxymethyl Cross-linking Agents

Lyocell fibers are subject to fibrillate under wet conditions, which severely affects the appearance of this kind of fabrics. Cross-linking treatment is an important way to prevent fibrillation of lyocell fibers. In this study, two kinds of traditional N- hydroxymethyl crosslinking agents were used to treat lyocell fibers and the wet abrasion values of lyocell fibers were measured in a wet abrasion test. The results show the wet abrasion values of lyocell fibers increase with the increasing concentration of the cross-linking agents, which indicates the anti-fibrillation property of the treated fibers has been improved. But the mechanical properties of the treated fibers decreased in some extent. The FT-IR spectroscopy analysis shows that the lyocell fibers have cross-linked with cross-linking agents. The SEM analysis results show the fibers treated by 4% DMDHEU or 5%SECO have good anti-fibrillation properties.     

连续碳纤维增强聚醚砜复合材料的形态与力学性能

研究了PES/碳纤维复合材料的力学性能与树脂含量的关系,并用SEM观察了复合材料冲击断面的形貌。提出了一个模糊评价法,可定量表征复合材料的界面粘合性。     

江西省稻米中总砷和无机砷含量的测定与分析

选取江西省10个县市的100份新收获稻米为实验材料,分别采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法和高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱法,测定了稻米中的总砷和无机砷含量。测定结果表明,该方法线性方程和相关系数良好,稻米粉标准物质测定结果良好。100份稻米中的总砷含量变化为0.045~0.382mg/kg,均值为 0.170mg/kg;无机砷含量变化为0.000~0.180mg/kg,均值为 0.067mg/kg;单因素方差分析结果显示,江西省10个县市稻米中的总砷和无机砷含量之间均存在不同程度的差异性,其中无机砷含量的差异性最为显著。实验结果证实,稻米无机砷中三价As³⁺含量较高,约占无机砷含量的90%。美国环境保护署健康风险评估结果表明,江西省稻米中无机砷含量的暴露对人体健康没有风险。     

Transition from Multiple Macro-Cracking to Multiple Micro-Cracking in Cementitious Composites

This paper presents an experimental study of the possibility of transition from multiple macro-cracking to multiple micro-cracking in cementitious composites.Conventional polyvinyl alcohol fiber reinforced cementitious composites normally exhibit macroscopic strain-hardening and multiple cracking after the first cracks appear.However,the individual crack width at the saturated stage is normally 60 to 80 μm.In the current study,the effect of fine aggregate size on the cracking performance,especially the individual crack width in the strain-hardening stage was studied by bending tests.The results show that the individual crack widths can be reduced from 60-80 μm to 10-30 μm by modifying the particle size of the fine aggregates used in the composites.     

大豆及豆制品中无机微量元素含量分析研究

通过用HNO3-HCIO4分解样品,用原子吸收光谱法测定大豆及豆制品中Fe、Zn、Cu、Se、Cr、Mn、K、Na、Ca、Mg10种无机微量元素含量。结果显示,大豆及豆制品中含有丰富的无机微量元素,所得数据可为大豆及豆制品的营养价值评价和深度开发提供一定的参考数据。     

芬顿试剂氧化污水及无机离子影响的研究

采用芬顿试剂对生活污水进行预氧化处理,通过测定COD、BOD5变化来比较氧化效果.在单因素实验的基础上,采用正交实验研究.芬顿试剂的最佳氧化工艺是：FeSO4.7H2O物质的量为3mmol,pH值为3,n（H2O2）∶n（Fe^2＋）为3∶1;反应时间为120 min.处理后的废水的可生化性、COD去除率大大提高,为进一步的生化处理创造了良好的条件;研究了几种无机离子对芬顿试剂氧化的促进或抑制作用.研究表明,Fe3＋具有一定的促进作用,而Cu^2＋、Cl^-有一定的抑制作用,H2PO4-有较强的抑制作用.     

稀土掺杂纳米TiO2光催化材料的制备和性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备稀土(La,Eu,Ce)掺杂纳米TiO2光催化材料,通过XRD、TEM等手段对其进行表征.以甲基橙为模型污染物,测试其光催化活性.研究稀土掺杂量、烧结温度和烧结时间对TiO2光催化活性的影响.结果表明,各因素对材料的催化活性均存在一个最佳值;除500 ℃烧结的Eu-TiO2样品由纯锐钛矿相组成外,其余样品均由锐钛矿和金红石混晶组成,而未见稀土氧化物;稀土掺杂可显著提高TiO2的光催化活性,其中Eu-TiO2对甲基橙的光降解率可达91.05%.     

绿色环保纤维的开发与应用

介绍了目前国内外绿色环保纤维开发应用现状及其发展趋势，并对几种绿色纤维进行了详细介绍．