Scavenger receptor family proteins: roles for atherosclerosis, host defence and disorders of the central nervous system

In this review, we summarize the structure and function of the scavenger receptor family of proteins including class A (type I and II macrophage scavenger receptors, MARCO), class B (CD36, scavenger receptor class BI), mucinlike (CD68/macrosialin, dSR-CI) and endothelial (LOX-1) receptors. Two motifs have been identified as ligand-binding domains a charged collagen structure of type I and II receptors, and an immunodominant domain of CD36. These structures can recognize a wide range of negatively charged macromolecules, including oxidized low-density lipoproteins, damaged or apoptotic cells, and pathogenic microorganisms. After binding, these ligands can be either internalized by endocytosis or phagocytosis, or remain at the cell surface and mediate adhesion or lipid transfer through caveolae. Under physiological conditions, scavenger receptors serve to scavenge or clean up cellular debris and other related materials, and they play a role in host defence. In pathological states, they mediate the recruitment, activation and transformation of macrophages and other cells which may be related to the development of atherosclerosis and to disorders caused by the accumulation of denatured materials, such as Alzheimer's disease. Received 17 September 1997; received after revision 16 March 1998; accepted 17 March 1998     

建立“疾病模型与实验病理学”特色课程,培养创新型药学人才

在吉林大学药学院开设了具有特色的"疾病模型与实验病理学"新课程,阐述了本课程开设的必要性、内容、特色及实施效果等。教学实践证明,这门课程切合药学专业的培养目标,对提高学生的创新能力及综合素质,培养实用型药学专业人才起到了积极作用。     

White-spot disease of Chinese soft-shelled turtles （Trionyx sinens） caused by Paecilomyces iilacinus

Chinese soft-shelled turtles （Trionyx sinens） in culture farms using an artificial warming system in Zhejiang, China, often show typical signs of white-spot disease such as white spots on their bodies, skin lesions, anorexia and eventually death. The sick turtles were mostly 5-80 g in weight. A suspected fungal pathogen was isolated from the sick turtles and verified as Paecilomyces lilacinus by sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer （ITS） of its ribosomal DNA （rDNA）. Detailed morphological examinations were also conducted to confirm the white-spot disease.     

沥青混凝土路面早期病害成因分析与对策

阐述了沥青混凝土路面常见的早期病害现象——裂缝、水破坏、松散等,对病害的原因进行了分析,并从优化设计、加强施工管理和材料控制等方面,提出了沥青混凝土路面防治处理的一些措施,以期减少和避免类似病害的再发生,延长沥青混凝土路面的使用寿命,提高公路的使用性能和经济效益。     

考虑心理因素和饱和治疗的H7N9禽流感动力学模型分析

研究了一种带治疗的病媒传播疾病的流行模型.得到了模型的基本再生数R_0,模型的平衡点和阈值由R_0确定.利用Bendixson-Dulac定理,证明了当R_01时,该模型的唯一正平衡点是全局稳定的.该结果可以帮助探索控制媒介传染病传播的方法.最后对模型进行了数值模拟,验证了该结论.     

五行针灸:一种源于中国的心身疗愈方法

 通过总结心身医学起源与发展历史,概述现代医学心身疾病治疗现状,阐明随着生物-心理-社会医学模式的确立,现代医学已经认识到心理因素对大多数疾病的发生、发展都有着广泛的影响,但现有心身治疗手段仍存在很大局限。回顾了中医学中的心身医学理念及特色,指出中医学理论体系中自始至终秉承了心身合一的思想,五行针灸便是其中独具特色的一个代表性针灸学派。梳理了对五行针灸这一自然疗愈针灸学派的的源流、传承及诊疗特色。基于现代心理学回归东方这一背景,展望了五行针灸未来的发展。指出东西方两种文化必然会相互启发、相互补充,五行针灸这一源于中国的心身疗愈方法定会与蓬勃发展的心身医学一道携手前行,更深入、更有效地帮助受心身疾病困扰的患者。     

基于时序区分子图的阿尔茨海默症辅助诊断方法

为解决现有区分子图方法在解决阿尔茨海默症辅助诊断上忽略脑网络动态连接变化的问题,提出一种基于时序区分子图的辅助诊断方法.将功能磁共振成像经过处理后形成二值矩阵并使同一测试者的多张动态脑网络形成时序差异图,之后进行频繁差异子图挖掘、频繁差异序列挖掘,进而筛选出保留脑网络时序特性的生物标记物——时序区分子图.获取ADNI公开数据集的一组数据进行实验,通过与现有的早期阿尔茨海默症辅助诊断方法进行大量的实验对比,证明本文方法的辅助诊断准确率在该数据集上提高了12.7%,进而证明所提方法的有效性.     

Forest Bio-disaster Status and its Basic Research in China

This review outlines the characteristics and developmental trends of forest bio-disasters (including disease, insect and rodent pests) of recent years in China, summarizes the achievements of the basic researches supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, defines the main drawbacks, and proposes some important issues to be highlighted in the basic research in the future in order to integrate research resources, concentrate research objectives and to accelerate the development of forest bio-disaster basic research in China.     

手足口病型传染病的数学模型

将传染病流行区内的人群分成5类,根据人群之间的变化机制,应用动力学方法建立了含有潜伏期且在潜伏期、发病期和病愈期内均具有传染性的手足口病型传染病的数学模型.并在建立模型的基础上,讨论了手足口病模型的平衡点和稳定性,同时得出了阈值定理.     

LOD score exclusion analyses for candidate disease susceptibility genes using case-parents design

The focus of almost all the association studies of candidate genes is to test for their importance. We recently developed a LOD score approach that can be used to test against the importance of candidate genes for complex diseases and quantitative traits in random samples. As a complementary method to regular association analyses, our LOD score approach is powerful but still affected by the population admixture, though it is more conservative. To control the confounding effect of population heterogeneity, we develop here a LOD score exclusion analysis using case?parents design, the basic design of the transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) approach that is immune to population admixture. In the analysis, specific genetic effects and inheritance models at candidate genes can be analyzed and if a LOD score is ≤-2.0, the locus can be excluded from having an effect larger than that specified. Simulations show that this approach has reasonable power to exclude a candidate gene having small genetic effects if it is not a disease susceptibility locus (DSL) with sample size often employed in TDT studies. Similar to association analyses with the TDT in nuclear families, our exclusion analyses are generally not affected by population admixture. The exclusion analyses may be implemented to rule out candidate genes with no or minor genetic effects as supplemental analyses for the TDT. The utility of the approach is illustrated with an application to test the importance of vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene underlying the differential risk to osteoporosis.