间接状态监测下基于维修费用及残余寿命的设备维修策略

针对不能直接诊断间接状态监测下设备劣化状态的问题,提出了制定费用最优的设备预防性维修策略方法.利用马尔可夫链表示设备的劣化状态,给出了设备可靠度函数,运用贝叶斯规则和马尔可夫模型进行设备状态概率分布研究,建立了间接状态下设备维修费用和设备残余寿命模型,分析了基于设备维修费用和设备残余寿命的设备维修策略.通过实例说明了间接状态监测下基于维修费用和残余寿命制定并实施最优维修决策标准的方法.
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低氧LiF–NdF3熔盐体系阳极过程的电化学行为研究

The oxidation of oxygen ions and the generation of an anode effect at a low oxygen content of 150 mg/kg were discussed in this paper. Cyclic voltammetry and square-wave voltammetry tests were conducted to explore the anodic processes of LiF–NdF₃ melt after a lengthy period of pre-electrolysis purification at 1000°C (during which the oxygen content reduced from 413 to 150 mg/kg). The oxidation process of oxygen ions was found to have two stages: oxidation product adsorption and CO/CO₂ gas evolution. The adsorption stage was controlled by diffusion, whereas the gas evolution was controlled by the electrochemical reaction. In comparison with oxygen content of 413 mg/kg, the decrease in the amplitude of the current at low oxygen content of 150 mg/kg was much gentler during the forward scanning process when the anode effect occurred. Fluorine-ion oxidation peaks that occurred at about 4.2 V vs. Li/Li+ could be clearly observed in the reverse scanning processes, in which fluorine ions were oxidized and perfluorocarbons were produced, which resulted in an anode effect.     

平滑移动过程的矩完全收敛性

本文研究了基于φ-混合序列的平均移动过程的矩完全收敛性,主要工作是在Kim,Ko的基础上将矩完全收敛性推广至q阶矩,并将其中的结论作为本文的特例给出。     

粮油加工环节存在的质量安全问题与对策

粮油食品在加工过程中的质量安全问题可能存在于的加工原料、加工工艺、违规乱用添加剂等3个方面,其中加工原料的安全问题如原粮中的农药残留、真菌毒素污染、重金属污染等方面,加工工艺的安全问题如过度加工、反式脂肪酸、包装材料中有害物质迁移等方面.保障粮油产品质量安全的对策和建议主要是加强质量安全监管力度,加大正面宣传的力度,强化过程控制与管理,构建质量安全追溯体系.     

Spatiotemporal characteristics of freezing and thawing of the active layer in the source areas of the Yellow River （SAYR）

Based on the analysis of data on temperatures and moisture of soils in the active layer at four different permafrost sites in the source areas of the Yellow River(SAYR)in 2010–2012,the freeze–thaw processes of soils in the active layer were compared and contrasted for understanding the spatiotemporal variations.At the four studied sites,the thickness and mean annual temperature of permafrost are different.The temperatures at the top of permafrost(TTOP),i.e.,the maximum depth(s)of seasonal frost and/or thaw penetration,are-1.9°C at the Chalaping site(CLP),-0.9°C at the site on the southern bank of the Zhaling Lake(ZLH),-0.4°C at the Maduo Town site(MDX),and 1.1°C at the site on the northern bank of the Eling Lake(ELH).Differences in the mean annual ground temperature of permafrost and TTOPs may be responsible for the differentiations in the freeze–thaw processes of soils in the active layer.With rising TTOPs,the ground thawing started earlier:CLP in early June,ZLH in late May,MDX in early May,and ELH in mid-April,while the freezing began later:CLP in early October,ZLH in early to midOctober,MDX in mid-October,and ELH in the mid-to late October.With increasing TTOPs,the freeze-up periods for permafrost sites were shortened:202 days at CLP,130 days at ZLH,100 days at MDX,and the period of complete thaw was 89 days at ELH.At the CLP and ZLH sites,the two-directional ground freezing(downwards from ground surfaces and upwards from the permafrost table)and thawing finished in the same year,but the ground freezing at the MDX continued to the end of the nextJanuary,with very slow freezing rates in the end.At the ELH site,ground freezing kept on until early May when thawing began on the surface,and upward and downward thawing became increasingly stable in late June to early July.At each site,with rising TTOPs,the downward freezing accelerated in comparison with the upward freezing,and with an increasing proportion of downward frozen depth,and with the larger ratios of freezing to thawing duration.In summary,the patterns of thawing and freezing processes in the active layer in the SAYR differ from those in other parts of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau to a noticeable extent.     

破产准则下修正Heston波动的最优再保-投资决策

为了研究修正Heston随机波动率下保险公司最优再保-投资策略问题,在盈余水平服从扩散过程的假设下,运用随机动态规划原理,建立最小化破产概率准则的HJB方程,通过求解方程得到最优再保-投资策略和最小化破产概率的显式解,并分析了随机波动率对最优投资决策,最优比例再保险策略和最小破产概率的影响。     

植被—土壤—水文相互作用及生态水文模型参数的动态表述

植被与土壤、水文之间存在复杂的相互作用,是生态水文模型和植被变化生态水文效应评估研究的重点.虽然陆面植被指数等动态变化对流域截留、蒸散发等水量、能量平衡项影响已有较多研究,但植被地下生物量变化如何改变土壤结构和水力特性,进而影响入渗和径流等水文过程研究相对缺乏.本文综述国内外植被变化对土壤、水文动态变化特征研究成果基础上,分析植被变化水文响应的阈值效应和尺度效应、植被变化下的土壤水力参数时变特征定量表述及其与植被、土壤类型以及气候条件的关系.在生态水文模型中,考虑植被因子对土壤水力参数影响的动态表达可以提高植被变化下水文效应模拟和预测的可靠性.     

非齐次泊松过程中向量参数极大似然估计的重对数律

对于具有向量参数的非齐次泊松过程的一般模型,论证了向量参数极大似然估计每个分量的收敛速度符合重对数律。     

烧结助剂和工艺对RBSN性能的影响

本文介绍了新型非金属材料Si3N4利用反应烧结方法（简称RBSN）的制取过程,并以MgO、AlO3、Y2O3和ZrO2为助剂,探讨烧结助剂和成型工艺对制品性能的影响;温度和助剂对氨化率的影响;ZrO2含量、烧结时间和气氛对制品烧结性能的影响。为提高制品的致密度和机械强度等方面做了一定的工作。     

Stage characteristics for the development of late Quaternary paleosols in the Yangtze Delta area

The late Quaternary paleosols in the Yangtze Delta area developed in the period of 25 000-12 000 aBP. Phytolith ratios (value A) of contents of fan, square and rectangle types indicating the warm and humid climate to those of bar, hat and point types indicating cold and dry climates decrease upwards overall on profiles of the paleosols, suggesting that the climates turned from warm and humid to cold and dry. So, the paleosols developed mainly during the regression before the last glacial maximum. Changes of value A indicate no trend of warming, suggesting that the transgression was rapid after the last glacial maximum. The development of the paleosols exhibited obvious stages, which were controlled remarkably by transgression and regression : Ⅰ . Period of alternation of deposition and pedogenesis, which was from the occurrence of regresson before the last glacial maximum to the time when sea levels fell close to the lowest; Ⅱ . Exposure period with continual pedogenesis, which was terminated when the paleosols were drown in the post-glacial transgression; Ⅲ . Period of being drown and buried, the paleosols were buried by marine sediments, and reworked by early diagenesis.