Suitability of urethane anesthesia for physiopharmacological investigations in various systems Part 1: General considerations

Summary The suitability of urethane anesthesia for physiopharmacological investigations is reviewed. Total dose administered and route of administration are recognized as factors having a great influence on both resting parameters and biological responses to drugs. A peculiar characteristic of urethane is represented by its ability to induce a surgical plane of anesthesia without affecting neurotransmission in various subcortical areas and the peripheral nervous system. This makes urethane a suitable general anesthetic for studying neural function in both central and peripheral nervous systems and accounts for the preservation of a number of reflex responses in urethane-anesthetized animals.     

The in vivo expression of the globin genes of theβ cistron in γ-,δ-, andδβ-thalassemia heterozygotes

There is considerable evidence suggesting that the switch from to and chain production after birth is due, in part, to silencing of the genes by stage-specific factors which bind to their promoters and to the competition from the adult ( and ) genes for a common enhancer element located in the locus control region. As a consequence one can expect that the increased Hb F production in adults with hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin or -thalassemia is directed mainly by -globin genes in cis to the deletion(s) responsible for these conditions. Here we review data on heterozygotes with -, -, or -thalassemia, who also had an^AT mutation, in cis or in trans, which was used as a marker of gene expression. The results show that a deletion affecting adult genes favors the expression of genes in cis, while the deletion of a single gene does not affect the expression of the gene in cis but leads to a faster switch postnatally.     

Detection of toxic metabolites in the hemolymph ofBeauveria bassiana infectedSpodoptera exigua larvae

Highly active metabolites have been detected in the hemolymph of the lepidopteranSpodoptera exigua infected with the mycopathogen,Beauveria bassiana. A combination of phenyl sepharose and CM ion exchange chromatography was utilized to extract the active metabolites from infected hemolymph samples. The active in vivo metabolites, having a molecular mass greater than 10 KDa, were thermolabile and were inactivated by proteinase K. These metabolites were characterized by their ability to disrupt metamorphosis, killing treated larvae at the wandering or pupal stage. Additionally, injection ofS. exigua larvae with active samples caused a reduction in the number of filopodial-producing hemocytes. The biological activities and biochemical properties suggest that novel compounds are produced duringB. bassiana mycosis.     

Effects of atmospheric pollution on human health

Most air pollutants do not lead to specific diseases. Depending on the pollutant, the concentration and the duration of exposure, some organs are more affected than others. The most frequent disorders are those caused by irritant gases and particulates on the mucous membranes and respiratory organs. The consequences are eye, nose and throat inflammations, diminished lung function, increased susceptability to respiratory infection and a higher incidence of chronic bronchitis. These disorders and diseases are, of course, influenced by other factors as well, such as immune deficiency, allergies, occupational exposure to pollutants, and particularly smoking. The effects of air pollutants are, therefore, multifactorially conditioned and nonspecific disorders are placed in the foreground. Evidence for an association of air pollution with adverse effects on human health is drawn from three sources: animal experiments, experimental human exposures, and epidemiologic studies of exposed human populations. The burden of atmospheric pollution must be reduced to protect human health by an adequate safety margin. In particular, the increased sensitivity of sick and aged people as well as children should be taken into account. In defining the maximum emmission levels, preventive aspects should have priority so as to keep the risk of damage to health and the harmful influences on the environment to a minimum.This article Effects of atmospheric pollution on human health by H. U. Wanner is a revised version of the same article that was first published in the Proceedings of the 1990 European Aerosol Conference; special issue of the J. Aerosol Sci., Vol. 21, Suppl. 1 (1990) 389–396.Reprinted with kind permission from Pergamon Press Ltd, Headington Hill Hall, Oxford OX3 0BW, Great Britain.     

工控机在温室监控系统中的应用

采用传感器技术检测与农作物生长有关的温度、湿度等环境参数信号；工控机采集该信号，完成数据计算处理，并根据农作物生长对温室环境的不同要求，对侧窗、顶窗、卷帘等执行机构，进行优化控制组合，实现调温、调湿等改变环境的目的．     

基于VC中通信技术的研究

为了提高通信程序的开发效率 ,对SOCKET通信程序的编制技术进行了研究 ,同时介绍了TCP IP协议下如何编制通信程序的过程 ,并用VC6.0编写程序实例具体阐述 .     

科技人才收益分配模式探讨

在当前经济全球化的环镜下，企业参与市场的竞争说到底是人才的竞争．在工资收入分配上体现人才的价值属性，是促进科技人才不断激活其内在的创造潜能的关键．从“现益”和“助益”相结合的角度出发，提出了年薪制、协议工资制、专利权转让和科研项目承包、知识报酬激励、技术入股、股票期权等科技人才收益分配模式．     

多媒体计算机辅助教学在高职化学教学中的应用

在高职化学教学中,多媒体 CAI 具有无可比拟的优越性,利用多媒体 CAI 关键在于设计和制作出好的课件,并要处理好有关问题。     

购入材料短缺情况下的会计处理

企业购入材料,在办理验收入库时,如发现短缺或损耗,应查明原因,并根据不同情况及时作出不同的会计处理。     

会计学专业实践性教学模式的探讨

知识经济时代 ,对会计人员的素质要求越来越高。文章主要探讨如何加强会计专业实践性教学环节 ,寻求有效的实践性教学模式 ,从而培养出具有熟练会计核算能力、利用会计资料进行会计监督、参与企业经营管理预测和决策能力的会计人才