算法归纳设计策略与循环不变式

分析了算法归纳设计策略与循环不变式之间的关系,提出把算法设计与循环不变式的构建相结合的思想,并通过实例说明其有效性和重要性.     

湖北贝母愈伤组织诱导条件的研究

以湖北贝母鳞茎为外植体，对愈伤组织诱导务件进行研究．结果表明：6-BA NAA、6-BA IBA都能产生愈伤，其中以MS 1．0mg／L6-BA 2．0mg／LNAA为培养基诱导愈伤组织的效果最好；外植体用10％的84消毒液消毒20min效果较好；最适培养温度为20℃；光照在诱导过程中具有重要作用．     

用均匀设计法优化瓜尔豆愈伤组织诱导的研究

以瓜尔豆子叶和下胚轴为外植体，采用均匀设计法，研究了基本培养基、激素水平、蔗糖浓度和活性炭对愈伤组织形成的影响。通过建立模型表明，瓜尔豆子叶形成愈伤组织的能力高于下胚轴；2，4-D和蔗糖浓度在一定范围内对愈伤组织的形成呈正相关性作用，且外植体、2，4-D和KT浓度三者之间存在很强的交互作用；而活性炭对愈伤组织形成未表现出明显作用。     

异步电机矢量控制系统动态仿真方法

介绍了应用高级语言结合图形化工具仿真动态研究异步电机矢量控制系统的方法.异步电机模型、采用矢量控制策略的变频器模型和通用机械负载模型在Simulink中建立并组合为完整的变频调速系统仿真模型.模型被转化嵌入到C 的主程序而得到可以进行全面、动态、可视化仿真的异步电机变频调速系统软件.测试结果表明该方法得到的仿真模型正确,软件功能多样,使用方便.     

香根草愈伤组织的诱导和快速繁殖

为了寻找大批量快速繁殖香根草的有效办法,以香根草的茎段、茎节为实验材料进行愈伤组织的诱导和快速繁殖的实验.用不同浓度的6-BA、IAA、2,4-D对其不同的外植体进行试验.结果表明:在愈伤组织诱导实验中,MS培养基附加6-BA 0.5mg/L 2,4-D 2.0mg/L的激素组合对茎段愈伤组织诱导效果最佳;将产生的愈伤组织团转入分化培养基中,诱导不定芽,其最适分化培养基为MS附加6-BA 3.5mg/L IAA 0.2mg/L;再生苗在MS培养基附加6-BA 3.0mg/L IAA 0.5mg/L的培养基上,进行生根培养效果较好.可见,茎段和茎节均可作为外植体.考虑到茎段数量较大,易取材,且效果明显优于茎节,认为茎段是香根草组培快繁的理想外植体.     

异步发电机空载建压电容值的确定方法

为使异步发电机建立数值给定的空载电压,采用了通过优化求取建压电容的新方法。以异步发电机基值频率所对应的等值电路为基础,令等值电路回路阻抗的实部与虚部分别为零作为异步发电机稳态运行的条件,并由此计算异步空载建压电容值。用Hooke-Jeeves提出的模式搜索法来求解有约束优化问题,从而克服了传统的Newton-Raphson法稳定性差与难于处理有约束条件之弱点。论文给出了空载时建立不同数值端电压所需的电容值,计算结果与实验结果的相互吻合说明了分析方法的正确性。计算结果同时验证了饱和程度对空载建压电容值的影响,表明随着饱和程度的增加,空载建压电容值的增加幅度越来越大。     

电流强度对电渣重熔304不锈钢中夹杂物特征的影响

利用实验室规模电渣炉在大气气氛下重熔304不锈钢,考察了不同电流强度(1500、1800、2100A)下电渣锭中夹杂物的特征及全氧含量、硫含量变化,并对钢中硫化物的析出行为进行了热力学分析。结果表明,电渣重熔过程可以有效去除钢中的夹杂物,但随着电流强度的增大,电渣锭的全氧含量和硫含量增加,夹杂物数密度及尺寸增大,电渣锭的洁净度恶化。当电流强度较低(1500A)时,电渣锭中夹杂物主要是以氧化铝为核心、外表裹有硫化物的双层结构,未发现单个的(Mn,Cr)S夹杂;而1800A和2100A重熔时,电渣锭中不仅有以Al-Si-Ca-Ti-Cr-Mn氧化物为核心、外围包裹着(Mn,Cr)S的双层结构夹杂,而且由于电渣锭中硫含量高和凝固过程中残余液相中溶质的富集,其中还有单个(Mn,Cr)S夹杂物存在。本试验条件下,在1500A下重熔更有利于提高304不锈钢电渣锭的洁净度。     

激光重熔高速电弧喷涂FeNiCrAl涂层的组织与断裂韧性

采用激光技术对高速电弧喷涂FeNiCrAl涂层进行重熔处理.分析了重熔前后涂层的组织结构、物相成分、显微硬度与断裂韧性.结果表明:重熔后,喷涂层片层状堆叠结构与孔隙得到消除,组织结构变得均匀、致密,涂层与基体由机械结合变为冶金结合.喷涂层物相主要有α-Fe及金属间化合物AlFe₃,AlFe和Al_0.4Fe_0.6,重熔后,生成了新相Fe-Cr,［Fe, Ni］固溶体和碳化物NiC_○x.重熔后涂层的平均显微硬度为7.79GPa,约为基体硬度(2.5GPa)的3倍,约为喷涂层硬度(6.0GPa)的1.3倍.载荷为4.9,9.8N时,喷涂层的压痕尖头出现裂纹,涂层平均断裂韧性为1.20MPa·m^1/2,载荷为2.94~9.8N时,重熔后涂层的压痕尖头均没有观察到裂纹.     

Studies on induction hardening of powder-metallurgy-processed Fe-Cr/Mo alloys

Induction hardening of dense Fe-Cr/Mo alloys processed via the powder-metallurgy route was studied. The Fe-3Cr-0.5Mo, Fe-1.5Cr-0.2Mo, and Fe-0.85Mo pre-alloyed powders were mixed with 0.4wt%, 0.6wt%, and 0.8wt% C and compacted at 500, 600, and 700 MPa, respectively. The compacts were sintered at 1473 K for 1 h and then cooled at 6 K/min. Ferrite with pearlite was mostly observed in the sintered alloys with 0.4wt% C, whereas a carbide network was also present in the alloys with 0.8wt% C. Graphite at prior particle boundaries led to deterioration of the mechanical properties of alloys with 0.8wt% C, whereas no significant induction hardening was achieved in alloys with 0.4wt% C. Among the investigated samples, alloys with 0.6wt% C exhibited the highest strength and ductility and were found to be suitable for induction hardening. The hardening was carried out at a frequency of 2.0 kHz for 2-3 s. A case depth of 2.5 mm was achieved while maintaining the bulk (interior) hardness of approximately HV 230. A martensitic structure was observed on the outer periphery of the samples. The hardness varied from HV 600 to HV 375 from the sample surface to the interior of the case hardened region. The best combination of properties and hardening depth was achieved in case of the Fe-1.5Cr-0.2Mo alloy with 0.6wt% C.     

Extensional scientific realism vs. intensional scientific realism

Extensional scientific realism is the view that each believable scientific theory is supported by the unique first-order evidence for it and that if we want to believe that it is true, we should rely on its unique first-order evidence. In contrast, intensional scientific realism is the view that all believable scientific theories have a common feature and that we should rely on it to determine whether a theory is believable or not. Fitzpatrick argues that extensional realism is immune, while intensional realism is not, to the pessimistic induction. I reply that if extensional realism overcomes the pessimistic induction at all, that is because it implicitly relies on the theoretical resource of intensional realism. I also argue that extensional realism, by nature, cannot embed a criterion for distinguishing between believable and unbelievable theories.