用零方程湍流模型模拟通风空调室内的空气流动

利用带浮升力效应的 k- ε湍流模型和一个新零方程湍流模型对某房间内空气的混合对流流动进行了数值模拟 ,通过比较发现 ,新零方程湍流模型与实验数据吻合得更好 ,且可以很快获得收敛解。利用新零方程湍流模型对房间内的等温流动、非等温流动进行了模拟 ,发现数值计算结果和相应实验数据吻合得很好。由此考察和验证了新模型对暖通空调领域中流动和传热问题的实用性和可靠性 ,可以利用该模型快速、精确地设计和分析暖通空调领域中的室内空气流动问题     

高层建筑动态变形的GPS监测技术

介绍了利用GPS技术测量高层建筑变形的原理及试验模拟与监测过程;重点阐述了GPS动态特征模拟数学模型及不同外界环境条件下试验数据的采集及分析过程;通过对试验数据的分析处理,阐明了GPS技术在高层建筑动态变形监测中应用的可行性,指出了将GPS技术和自动分析及控制技术结合后在工程测量领域具有广泛应用前景。     

基于质心-Taylor的UWB室内定位算法研究

针对室内环境影响定位精度的非视距传播(non-line-of-sight,NLOS)问题,在对基于到达时间差(time difference of arrival,TDOA)的超宽带(ultra wideband,UWB)室内定位模型和算法进行分析研究的基础上,提出了质心-Taylor混合定位算法。该算法利用对测距误差不敏感的质心算法对目标进行初始粗定位,然后将其作为Taylor级数展开法的迭代初值进行二次精细定位,并动态地将前期定位完毕的节点转化为后续定位过程的参考节点,最大限度地利用不断增加的已知信息,在提高Taylor初值质量的前提下减少预设参考节点数目,降低系统硬件成本。采用MATLAB软件进行了模拟仿真。仿真结果表明,该算法定位性能优越,尤其在NLOS测距误差较大的环境下能有效地提高系统的定位精度。     

北斗卫星导航系统(一期)星座轨道稳定性设计

星座稳定性设计是星座总体工程设计的主要内涵.针对北斗卫星导航系统(一期)星座稳定性设计问题,在利用解析方法深入分析星座摄动运动规律的基础上,综合考虑系统覆盖、导航精度、几何构型等约束条件,提出一种将发射部署、被动摄动、主动控制相结合的星座稳定性一体化设计方案.北斗星座系统的部署和运行结果表明:在时间和空间尺度上,星座动态几何因子(DOP值)稳定,重点服务区域动态DOP值小于4.2,在受限于构型维持控制的卫星可用性指标方面:IGSO卫星可用性大于99%,GEO卫星平均可用性大于96.7%.     

Tight integration of digital map and in-vehicle positioning unit for car navigation in urban areas

Now GPS has been widely used for land, sea and air navigation.However, due to signal blockage and severe multipath environments in urban areas, such as in Hong Kong, GPS alone can not satisfy most land vehicle navigation requirements. Dead Reckoning (DR) systems have been widely used to bridge the gaps of GPS and to smooth GPS position errors. However,the DR drift errors increase with time rapidly and frequent calibration is required. Under the normal situation, GPS is sufficient to provide the calibration to the DR unit. However, GPS may not be available in urban areas for more than 20 min, and the DR position errors can reach hundreds of meters during the period. As land vehicles have to be on roads, digital map can be used to constrain the locations of vehicles, known as map-matching.One of the main problems for map-matching techniques is mis-matching, that may be caused by the positioning sensor errors and the complexity of city road network. In this paper, a newly developed model to tightly integrate digital map and in-vehicle positioning unit for car navigation is introduced.With this method, it improves the position accuracy by constraining the vehicle location on the roads. Moreover it provides the close-loop controls for the DR drift errors by feeding back the coordinates of the feature points of the road network and road bearings to the DR unit and therefore the navigation system can be used for longer period when GPS is not available.Extensive tests have been carried out in Hong Kong. It demonstrates that this close-loop approach is much better on the reliability of map-matching, as the positioning sensor errors are constantly calibrated by the digital map.     

基于超短基线的GPS测姿算法研究

针对超短基线下姿态测量结果稳定性差及可靠性低的问题,提出一种更加可靠稳定的基于超短基线的全球定位系统（global positioning system,GPS）姿态测量算法。构建了扩展卡尔曼滤波（extended Kalman filtering,EKF）模型,并对扩展卡尔曼滤波模型中测量噪声矩阵采用基于卫星高度角模型,得出比较准确的浮点模糊度;联立了载波双差观测方程和伪距双差观测方程,并采用改进模糊度最小二乘去相关平差法（modified least-squares ambiguity decorrelation adjustment algorithm,M-LAMBDA）进行快速模糊度固定解算;利用了滤波法进行姿态解算。实验结果表明,与其他测姿算法相比,该算法可适用于超短基线,能够提高姿态结果的稳定性与可靠性,在基线为20 cm静态环境中,该算法模型航向角的误差方差为0.1左右,航向角的绝对误差为2°左右。在基线为20 cm动态环境中,该算法模型航向角的误差方差为2左右,姿态角的绝对误差为3°左右。     

基于神经网络模型的室内大规模人流密度预测

提出了一种新型的适用于大规模室内人流密度预测算法.在现有基于无线信号强度的人流密度估算算法基础上,引入加权运算来提升估算质量.进一步,根据连续若干个时间段内估算所得的人流密度,通过BP神经网络模型,对未来某一时刻该区域的人流密度进行预测.根据仿真模型和3个月的数据采集与分析,所得到预测模型的准确率达到了94.70%.      

变轴数控机床重复定位精度评定策略探讨

参照传统数控机床位置精度评定项目（GB10931－1989）中关于重复定位精度的内容,结合BKX－I型变轴数控机床的特点拟定了评定策略。通过检测及分析,对该机床的重复定位精度进行了评定,确认其重复定位误差大大于20μm,同时存在误差耦合现象,在目前缺乏相关评定标准的情况下,此项研究结果为基于并联机构的机床性能评定方法研究提供了参考。     

Analysis of ionospheric anomalies before the 2011 <Emphasis Type="Italic">M</Emphasis><Subscript>w</Subscript> 9.0 Japan earthquake

On March 11, 2011, a large earthquake of Mw=9.0 occurred near the east coast of Honshu, Japan. This paper investigates preearthquake ionospheric anomalies during the earthquake period, using data from global navigation satellite systems and ionosonde stations near the epicenter. A clear anomaly that occurred on March 8 lasted 6 hours. Eliminating ionospheric anomalies that may have been caused by solar activities and magnetic storms, we believe that a positive anomaly on March 8 was very possibly an ionospheric precursor. The affected ionospheric area on March 8, which is evident on a vertical total electron content distribution map, extended to 50° in longitude and 20° in latitude, with length ratio approximately 3:1. The anomaly peak arose from 15:00-19:00 LT, and its location did not coincide with the vertical projection of the epicenter, but was instead to its south. Corresponding ionospheric anomalies are also observed in the magnetically conjugated region. There were no obvious ionospheric anomalies in other parts of the world. To analyze changes in the ionospheric anomaly, computerized ionospheric tomography technology was used to invert the spatial and temporal distribution of electron density in the ionosphere. The ionospheric anomaly on March 8, 2011 is suggested to be an ionospheric precursor of the March 11 earthquake in Japan.     

基于VC+MapX的保险理赔车辆监控调度系统的设计与开发

随着车辆的不断增加,如何提高保险理赔车辆的工作效率,合理调度指挥理赔车辆就成为了一个重要的课题.论述了通过GPS/GIS/GSM/GPRS相结合实现的保险理赔车辆监控调度指挥系统的功能、特点,系统的工作原理、关键技术及软件结构.系统基于C/S结构,利用VC 6.0及MapX相结合实现.采用GPRS作为主要通信手段,达到了实时秒级定位,不仅减少了运营费用,而且方便了用户的直接参与.