进水碳磷比对连续流反硝化除磷工艺脱氮除磷效果的影响

针对连续流双污泥反硝化除磷工艺,考察进水碳磷质量比(m(C)/m(P))对化学需氧量(COD)、氨氮和总磷(TP)去除效果的影响.系统进水COD和氨氮分别保持在250和45 mg/L左右,通过改变进水TP浓度来调整m(C)/m(P).实验结果表明:在m(C)/m(P)比分别为64.1,42.0,33.0和17.8的情况下,TP去除率分别为93.2％,92.0％,78.3％和65.8％,除磷效率明显降低.在m(C)/m(P)＞42.0的情况下,出水TP低于0.5 mg/L.随着m(C)/m(P)的降低,反硝化聚磷污泥释磷量和净聚磷量增加,净聚磷量分别为3.63,5.33,6.26和10.3mg/L.m(C)/m(P)减小有利于提高生物除磷系统的稳定性,但出水磷浓度会有所增加,可通过适当延长后置曝气池停留时间来降低出水磷浓度.m(C)/m(P)对COD的去除和脱氮的效果影响不大,COD去除率保持在85.6％～93.1％,氨氮的去除率大于93％.     

还原剂对高磷鲕状赤铁矿还原焙烧铁磷分离的影响

研究还原剂种类及用量对高磷鲕状赤铁矿还原焙烧铁磷分离的影响.添加脱磷剂Na2CO3,在提铁降磷的同时能降低还原铁的硫含量;还原剂用量的增加都能促进铁还原,但使用灰分和固定碳含量较高或挥发分含量较低的还原剂时,不利于降磷.焙烧产物的X射线衍射分析表明:添加脱磷剂Na2CO3时,随着还原剂用量的增加,焙烧产物中金属铁含量增加,浮氏体和石英含量降低;使用灰分含量较高的还原剂时,随其用量的增加,灰分会消耗Na2 CO3,从而减弱其对于铁还原的促进作用;还原剂用量相同时,石煤、烟煤、焦炭和褐煤所得焙烧产物中金属铁含量逐渐增加,浮氏体含量逐渐降低.总体来看,褐煤作为还原剂时铁磷分离效果最好,其次为烟煤,焦炭和石煤.     

SBBR工艺同步脱氮除磷处理效能研究

污水生物处理技术的处理效能是其能否得到广泛应用的主要指标之一,试验采用序批式生物膜反应器(SBBR),以人工模拟污水为处理对象,在温度、有机物浓度和营养物浓度较宽的变化范围内进行了连续运行,对SBBR工艺脱氮除磷的处理效能进行了系统研究.试验结果表明:SBBR工艺处理生活污水对水质的变化具有一定的抗冲击能力,对COD、氨氮、总氮、总磷和SS的平均去除率分别为87.95%、76.68%、47.87%、84.58%和89.22%,在低温运行条件下,对污水的处理也能保持一定的处理效能.SBBR工艺在小型点源污染控制和污水脱氮除磷深度处理中是一种行之有效的同步脱氮除磷工艺.     

不同方法测定污水中总氮总磷的比较研究

传统的总氮(TN)总磷(TP)检测方法为碱性过硫酸钾氧化-紫外分光光度法,现针对目前国内总氮和总磷联合消解测定的试验条件差异较大的问题,通过对几种方法的比较,优化了总氮、总磷联合消解测定的试验条件,建立了一种准确、快速的分析方法。     

Effects of soil stoichiometry of the CaCO<Subscript>3</Subscript>/available phosphorus ratio on plant density in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Artemisia ordosica</Emphasis> communities

In soil, CaCO3 can reduce the availability of phosphorus in arid and semi-arid regions, thereby influencing plant growth. However, the effects of soil stoichiometry of the CaCO3/available phosphorus ratio (CaCO3/AP ratio) on plant density are unknown. In this study, we examined 4 Artemisia ordosica communities located in arid and semi-arid regions, and performed a pot experiment with an orthogonal design to examine the relationships between the soil CaCO3/AP ratio and plant density. The results showed that the soil stoichiometry of the CaCO3/AP ratio had a greater effect on growth of A. ordosica than either CaCO3 or AP as single factor. The influence of the soil CaCO3/AP ratio on density of A. ordosica was related to the climatic zone and the types and/or amplitudes of increases in the soil CaCO3/AP ratio. When the soil CaCO3/AP ratio was within the same amplitude and was less than 2.5, the A. ordosica density increased in the semi-arid region, whereas the density decreased with increasing soil CaCO3/AP ratios in the arid region. In the semi-arid region, when the soil CaCO3/AP ratio was within the same amplitude and the increase in the soil CaCO3 content was greater than the increase in soil AP, the A. ordosica density increased with increasing soil CaCO3/AP ratios. This means that the relationship between the soil CaCO3/AP ratio and the A. ordosica density remained the same. In the arid region, an increase in the soil CaCO3/AP ratio as a result of increased soil CaCO3 content and decreased soil AP resulted in increased density of A. ordosica. Therefore, the relationship between soil CaCO3/AP ratios and density of A. ordosica was altered by these changes in soil chemistry. Thus, the soil stoichiometry of the CaCO3/AP ratio is an important factor affecting the density of A. ordosica in arid and semi-arid regions.     

潜流式人工湿地处理富营养化湖水研究

本研究通过构建水平潜流人工湿地来进行富营养化湖水的净化试验,结果表明,在0.64 m.d-1的高水力负荷条件下,分别具有3种植物(茭白、水葱和鸢尾)的人工湿地系统对富营养化湖水有较好的净化效果(对有机污染物COD、NH4+-N、NO3--N、TN和TP的去除率分别为29.2%~39.1%、37.5%~47.2%、70.3%~74.9%、48.6%~59.1%、和54.6%~57.3%).有植物的人工湿地系统与无植物的空白湿地系统相比较,尽管对COD和NO3--N的去除率差异不显著,但对NH4+-N、TN和TP的去除率都是有植物的人工湿地系统显著好于无植物的空白湿地系统,证明植物对人工湿地系统功能的发挥具有重要作用.     

麦麸、细菌性植酸酶和柠檬酸对肉鸡提高钙、磷和蛋白质利用的影响

以23%粗蛋白（CP）的玉米豆粕日粮为正对照,以添加了15%麦麸（提供内源性植酸酶）的低营养玉米豆粕日粮（21%CP）为负对照,研究内源性及细菌性植酸酶和柠檬酸在低营养肉鸡日粮中对肉鸡生长的作用.实验结果表明：所有组的胫骨灰分差异不显著（P＞0.05）.添加细菌性植酸酶或柠檬酸的日增重（ADG）、肉料比（G/F）和钙利用率与正常营养水平组差异不显著（P＞0.05）,但粪磷排泄量和蛋白质的利用率显著低于正对照组（P＜0.05）,磷的利用率极显著高于正对照组（P＜0.01）.已添加内源性植酸酶组除ADG、G/F和CP利用率低于正对照组外,其它的差异不显著（P＞0.05）.三者同时添加（第5组）的粪磷排泄量降低了1.4%（P＜0.05）;钙的利用率极显著地高于其它4个组（P＜0.01）,最大提高了7.2%;G/F与第1组相当,增高3.9%;在蛋白利用率上也显著地高于其它3个组,高出2.3个百分点（P＜0.05）.可以看出内源性及外源性植酸酶和柠檬酸在肉鸡的生长方面能起到补充或协同的作用.     

Control for Modified University of Cape Town Process Using Oxidation-Reduction Potential in the Second Anoxic Zone

The aim of this work is to evaluate the feasibility of applying the technology of oxidation-reduction potential(ORP)control on the municipal wastewater treatment system for nitrogen and phosphorus removal.Meanwhile the relation between the optimal ORP(ORP opt)and influent C/N ratio was evaluated,in which the influent chemical oxygen demand(COD)concentration was stabilized at(290±10)mg/L,the influent total phosphorus(TP)concentration was stabilized at(7.0±0.5)mg/L.The results indicated that:(1)the ORP in the second anoxic zone had effect on nitrogen and phosphorus removal capability,and the average percentages of phosphorus uptake in ANO2zone(ηa)increased with increasing ORP,i.e.,increasing from 12.0%at-143 mV to22.0%,30.0%,37.0%,and 45.0%at-123,-111,-105 and-95 mV,respectively;(2)the ORP opt as function of influent C/N ratio could be calculated by the equation:y=252.73e(-x/3.39)-131.01;the maximum percentage of phosphorus uptake in ANO2as function of the ORP opt could be calculated by the equation:y=-0.49 e(x/15.58)+1.51.The ORP opt was the important process control parameter that must be optimized for operation of enhanced biological phosphorus removal(EBPR)system.Moreover,ORP sensor is very simple,and the industrial applications of this strategy is practical.     

太湖流域印染废水为主的城镇污水处理厂提标技术研究

采用调节—厌氧水解—A/O（PACT）—高效澄清池—过滤组合工艺处理综合印染废水。开展了中试试验研究和示范工程研究,研究结果表明：中试系统运行稳定,对COD、色度、氨氮、总氮、总磷平均去除率分别为93.2 %,93.9 %,90.2 %,70.8 %,96.3 %;厌氧COD平均去除率分别为48.1 %;色度平均去除率分别为75.7 %;A/O（PACT）工艺对氨氮和总氮的去除效果明显,混凝沉淀工艺则对总磷去除效果最理想;中试研究和示范工程出水水质稳定,各项指标均满足《太湖地区城镇污水处理厂及重点工业行业主要水污染物排放限值》（DB32/1072-2007）。     

pH值对反硝化除磷的影响

概述了SBR工艺中的反硝化除磷现象,讨论了SBR反硝化除磷工艺中pH值、碳源、聚磷菌与非聚磷菌竞争、污泥龄等影响因素。采用厌氧、缺氧SBR反应器研究了厌氧段和缺氧段pH值变化对以硝酸盐作为电子受体的反硝化除磷过程的影响。结果表明,当厌氧段pH=8.0、缺氧段pH=7.0±0.1时,脱氮除磷效果最好。