Assembly and genetics of spore protective structures

The sporulation program in Bacillus subtilis ends in the formation of a highly resistant endospore that can withstand extremes of heat, mechanical disruption, ultraviolet irradiation, lytic enzymes and chemical attack. These properties are attributed mainly to the unique structure of spore coat and cortex, as well as to the physical state of the spore cytoplasm. The outermost layer of the spore, called the coat, has two morphologically distinct sublayers: an electron-dense outer coat and an electron-translucent inner coat. The coat is composed of more than 2 dozen proteins of varying size. Many coat genes and coat proteins have been isolated and characterized in detail, and studies of these have identified proteins with important roles in coat assembly, resistance and spore germination. We describe here characteristics of the coat proteins and propose a model for coat assembly based on recent work.     

陡脉冲肿瘤治疗仪的研制及应用

在一定电场强度陡脉冲的作用下，细胞膜会形成大量微孔，其数量和孔径会随电场强度的增加而激增，从而引起膜组织断裂，导致细胞死亡，这种现象被称为不可逆性电击穿，为了研究陡脉冲对肿瘤细胞的不可逆性电击穿，应用现代电力电子技术和高电压新技术，研制出了一套脉冲峰值、脉冲宽度、脉冲重复频率和脉冲陡度独立可调的能量可控陡脉冲肿瘤治疗仪。分析了该治疗仪各部分电路的工作原理，在实验室调试成功的基础上，应用该仪器对人卵巢腺癌SKOV3细胞进行了细胞实验，调试时的示波器实测波形和细胞实验的电镜结果表明，该治疗仪性能稳定，能够方便地调节输出脉冲的能量，能有效地杀伤肿瘤细胞。     

质子交换膜燃料电池动态响应建模与仿真研究

为研究质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)电堆的输出响应,利用Matlab-Simulink仿真工具对PEMFC进行系统动态模型建立.通过使用燃料电池测试系统,在不同的运行条件下对PEMFC的暂态电响应进行测量和分析.实验数据与仿真结果吻合较好,表明该模型是有效和可操作的,有助于改善PEMFC的设计,提高其性能.     

基于Petri网的虚拟装配环境交互管理模型研究

对设计者交互操作的准确理解和快速响应,是提高虚拟装配的可操作性和实用性的关键问题.定义了一种层次时间有色Petri网(HTCPN),并以此为工具建立了虚拟装配环境下的交互管理模型.该模型以设计者操纵数据手套的位姿变换信息、对象间的碰撞检测信息以及装配约束识别信息作为输入,运行后输出具体的操作事件实现设计者在虚拟装配环境中的浏览、移动零部件、装配和拆卸调整等一系列交互操作活动.实践证明该模型满足了虚拟环境的实时和并发等动态性能要求,实现了虚拟装配过程中大量离散事件的处理及操作意图的响应.     

可跨工位操作的随机混流装配线平衡问题研究

装配线平衡问题是在满足一定约束的条件下,将一系列任务单元分配到各个工位上,使其工作强度与利用率相适应.研究了带有跨工位操作,且任务单元完成时间为随机量的一类特殊装配线平衡问题,目标是缩短整个生产过程中的总任务超载时间;参考机会约束规划的思想,建立了α任务超载时间最小化模型;结合随机模拟和遗传算法设计了混合遗传算法以求解,并通过实例仿真验证了算法的有效性.     

黄鳝成体性腺组织生殖干细胞的体外培养及鉴定

通过黄鳝成体性腺组织的体外培养,探讨黄鳝成体性腺生殖干细胞体外分离培养与鉴定的方法.分离黄鳝性腺组织进行植块培养,倒置相差显微镜下观察细胞生长状况.利用H.E、油红O染色、碱性磷酸酶(AP)细胞化学染色等方法对培养细胞进行鉴定.黄鳝成体性腺组织原代培养3～5 d,可见组织周围有细胞迁出,并形成生长晕.15 d左右,生长晕直径可达3～3.2 mm,生长晕中的细胞主要包括:成纤维细胞、神经样细胞、类生殖干细胞三种类型.成纤维细胞呈不对称的长梭形,突起短而多,细胞核较浅,核仁明显,有2～3个核仁,是生长晕的主要细胞成分.神经样细胞具有放射丝状细胞突起,油红O染色呈阳性反应.类生殖干细胞呈圆形,单核或多核,核质比大,AP染色呈现出阳性反应.探索了适于黄鳝成体性腺组织体外培养的条件和方法,并对原代培养的细胞进行了初步鉴定,为进一步利用体外培养的黄鳝成体性腺生殖干细胞开展黄鳝性逆转分子机制研究奠定了基础.     

Fluorescence and sensitization performance of phenylene-vinylene-substituted polythiophene

A new kind of polythiophene derivative, Poly(3-{2-[4-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-phenyl]-vinyl}-2,2′-bithiophene) (PTh), was applied in dye-sensitized solar cell to extend the light response of nanocrystalline TiO2 electrode. UV-vis absorption and fluorescence spectra were employed to investigate the interaction of PTh with nanocrystalline TiO2. The absorption coefficient of the PTh was high in visible part of spec- trum, and the fluorescence emission of the PTh can be efficiently quenched by TiO2 nanoparticles ow- i...     

Temperature dependent spectral response characteristic of III-V compound tandem cell

The GaInP/GaAs/Ge triple-junction tandem cells with a conversion efficiency of 27.1% were fabricated using metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) technique. Temperature dependence of the spectral response measurements of the GaInP/GaAs/Ge tandem cell was performed by a quantum effi-ciency system at temperatures ranging from 25℃ to 160℃. The red-shift phenomena of the absorption limit for all subcells were observed with increasing temperature, which is dued to the energy gap nar-rowing with temperature. The short-circuit current densities (J_sc)of GaInP, GaAs and Ge subcells at room temperature calculated based on the spectral response data were 12.9, 13.7 and 17 mA/cm², re-spectively. The temperature coefficient of J_sc for the tandem cell was determined to be 8.9 mA/(cm²·℃), and the corresponding temperature coefficient of the open-circuit voltage deduced from the se-ries-connected model was -6.27 mV/℃.     

mRNA detection in living cell using phosphorothioate-modified molecular beacon

In this study, GFP mRNA in COS-7 cell and GFP-transfected COS-7 cell was detected in real time using phosphorothioate-modified molecular beacon based on living cell imaging method. Results showed that phosphorothioate-modified molecular beacon still kept the advantages of molecular beacon, such as, excellent selectivity, high sensitivity, and no separation detection. In addition, this modification could significantly increase the nuclease resistance of molecular beacon. Phosphorothioate-modified molecular beacon can efficiently reduce the false positive signal and improve the accuracy of living cell mRNA detection. Supported by the National Key Basic Research Program (Grant No. 2002CB513110), International Technologies Collaboration Program of China (Grant No. 2003DF000039), and National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 90606003 and 20620120107)     

Tribological behaviors of some polymeric materials in sea water

Ocean tribology, a new research field of tribology, is being established and developing. The investigation on the tribology in sea water has important significance to ocean exploitation. In this paper, the tribological behaviors of UHMWPE, PTFE as well as Ekonol/PTFE, graphite/PTFE and CF/PTFE sliding against GCr15 steel and Ni-Cr-WC alloy in sea water were investigated, and compared with those in pure water. Results show that the main factors that affect the tribological behaviors of five polymeric materials in sea water are the corrosive effect and lubricating effect of sea water. When polymeric materials sliding against GCr15 in sea water, owing to serious corrosion of counterface by sea water, the surface roughness of the counterface increases largely. As a result, the lubricating effect of medium decreases sharply and the plowing effect of counterface increases greatly. So the friction coefficients and wear rates of five materials sliding against GCr15 in sea water are much larger than those under other conditions. Such wear model, depending on the corrosion of counterface by medium, can be called indirect corrosive wear. Under other three conditions, owing to the more superior lubricating effect of sea water than pure water and the better wettability of Ni-Cr-WC than GCr15, the friction coefficients and wear rates of five materials increase in the following order： sliding against Ni-Cr-WC in sea water 〈 sliding against Ni-Cr-WC in pure water 〈 sliding against GCr15 in pure water. Moreover, compared with other materials, CF/PTFE is the one with more superior plowing and wear resistance in pure and sea water, which is a potential frictional material well suitable for pure and sea water lubrication.