金属材料不同缺口根半径拉伸试样中的应力应变分析

用有限元法计算了钢和铝合金不同缺口根半径拉伸试样的应力、应变分布及其随外加载荷的变化规律.研究结果表明,缺口前端的最大正应力σyy/σy、三向应力度σm/σ和等效塑性应变εp都随外加载荷P/Pgy的增加而增大,但在整体屈服之前(P/Pgy<1)和整体屈服之后(P/Pgy>1)的变化规律不同.当外加载荷P/Pgy一定时,随缺口根半径的减小,缺口前的σyy/σy、σm/σ和εp均增大,但在较大缺口根半径(R≥2mm)和较小缺口根半径(R<2mm)时的应力、应变分布及其随P/Pgy的变化规律有所不同.材料拉伸力学性能对缺口前端的应力、应变分布总体上影响不大.     

梯度功能材料的性能评价研究

梯度功能材料(FGM)是组成和性能呈连续变化的先进材料。FGM的性能评价是设计和制备优质FGM的重要内容。在此详细叙述了当前FGM的力学性能、热震性能、压缩性能和热处理性能的评价方法及实验手段,提出了FGM性能评价的发展方向。     

热冲击下层状梯度材料表面裂纹的能量释放率

用数值方法分析了具有表面裂纹的层状梯度材料在热冲击荷载下 ,裂纹所对应的能量释放率随时间变化的规律 ,着重讨论了呈现梯度变化的材料力学和热学参数对能量释放率的影响 .结果发现和均匀材料相比 ,呈梯度变化的热膨胀系数使裂纹的能量释放率有非常大的增加 ,而其它材料参数的变化影响很小     

Y1.9SiO5:Tb3+0.1发光材料的制备及其发光性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备Y1.9SiO5:Tb3+0.1发光材料,并在250～1000℃不同温度下进行煅烧.通过对此样品在不同温度下激发光谱、发射光谱、红外光谱以及X衍射图谱进行研究,发射谱中625nm、587nm、545nm、442nm处显示了Tb的5D4-7Fj(j=3,4,5,6)的特征跃迁,491nm处显示了5D3-7F6的特征跃迁.红外和X衍射图都显示500℃是样品从无定形到晶形的温度变化点,800℃时晶体稳定且晶形最好.无定形态时样品的荧光强度随温度升高而降低,而晶态时其荧光强度随温度变化趋势正好相反.说明无定形态时,Tb3+主要处于无反演中心格位;而在晶态结构中,Tb3+主要处于反演中心格位.     

复合材料等效弹性模量预测方法的改进

进一步探讨Halpain-Tsai修正混合率计算模型及其原理,并对其经验拟合参数q进行理论识别,指出了该参数的力学特征,认为q实质上就是复合材料的界面剪切弹性模量,给出理论证明和几何解释,对比了理论预测值与聚合物混凝土的实验结果.结果表明,利用改进后的预测模型获得的预测值与实验值吻合较好.     

Ni3(C10H8N2)6(PW12O40)2·3H2O的水热合成及性能研究

以NiCl₂·3H₂O、4,4′-联吡啶和(NH₄)₃PW₁₂O₄₀·5H₂O（摩尔比3∶6∶2）为原料，采用溶剂热法合成出了新的无机-有机杂化材料Ni₃(C₁₀H₈N₂)₆(PW₁₂O₄₀)₂·3H₂O。该化合物为绿色块状晶体，最佳的形成条件是：去离子水为溶剂, pH=6,140℃下反应3d。漫反射光谱研究表明，该晶体的光学能隙为2.12eV，属于半导体材料，对太阳辐射具有选择吸收特性，在温度低于366℃时可稳定存在。     

BaSO4-PAM无机-高分子复合微球的制备研究

以聚丙烯酰胺(polyacrylamide,PAM)高分子微凝胶为模板,结合反胶束法制备了具有表面图案结构的硫酸钡-聚丙烯酰胺(BaSO4-PAM)无机-高分子复合微球材料.利用扫描电镜(SEM)和XRD对复合微球的形貌和无机沉积物BaSO4的晶型进行了表征.结果表明,BaSO4的沉积量、沉积反应速度等因素对复合微球的表面形貌都有显著影响;复合微球中BaSO4具有正交重晶石结构.实验所得BaSO4-PAM复合微球兼具高分子的柔性和无机物的刚性.     

Preparation and mechanism study of bulk pure rare-earth metals with amorphous and nanocrystalline structures

The preparation and the mechanism study of bulk pure rare-earth metals with amorphous and nanocrystalline structures, which were produced by spark plasma sintering (SPS), were carried out in this paper. With different processing parameters, the amorphous, two phases of amorphous and nanocrystalline, and complete nanocrystalline microstructures have been obtained. The nano-grain sizes in the bulk nanocrystalline materials are found smaller than the original powder particles sizes, which may change the conventional viewpoint that the grains in the sintered bulk are generally coarser than the raw powder particles. The technique developed in the present work can be extended to the preparation of many other nano bulk metal materials, and thus enables the studies of the nano-size effects on the physical, chemical and mechanical properties of bulk nano materials.     

Fabrication and property of high-performance Ag-Pb-Sb-Te system semiconducting thermoelectric materials

High performance Ag-Pb-Sb-Te system thermoelectric bulk materials were fabricated by a combination of mechanical alloying (MA) and spark plasma sintering (SPS). Phase composition and microstructure of the resultant materials were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron micros-copy (SEM) analysis. A special emphasis was paid to the effects of chemical composition, especially the Pb content on the thermoelectric properties of the Ag0.8Pb18 xSbTe20 samples, including electrical resistivity, Seebeck coefficient, power factor, thermal conductivity and dimensionless figure of merit. The present study reveals that the optimal composition of Ag0.8Pb18 xSbTe20 samples is Ag0.8Pb22.5SbTe20 and the maximum figure of merit (ZT) is 1.2 at 673 K.     

数值计算方法教学改革探究

介绍了数值计算方法课程的重要地位,分析了数值计算方法课程教学的现状及改革方向,提出了数值计算方法课程教学改革的几个重点及策略。