石墨探针收集,GPFAAS测定APM中痕量铝

一定规格的多孔石墨探针可在一特制的过滤装置中直接收集大气微粒物质(APM),通过石墨探针炉原子吸收光谱(GPFAAS)直接测定其中痕量铝的含量。采用基体改良剂Mg(NO_3)_2,含量低于2.5ng,吸光度(峰面积方式)低于0.25的铝,其分析校正曲线显示良好的线性且无记忆效应发生。采用本法测定标准参比材料(SRM 1604,城市微粒物质),铝的回收率为101％,相对标准偏差为3.8％,测定实验室大气微粒物质中铝的含量为749ng/m~3,相对标准偏差为8.1％。     

基于BP神经网络的土地开发整理区 土壤有机质含量遥感定量反演

利用BP神经网络和主成分分析法,结合SPOT-5遥感数据对土地开发整理区土壤有机质含量进行定量反演.试验采集了29个土壤样品并进行野外光谱测量,29个土样分为20个预测集和9个验证集,通过主成分分析对光谱信息进行变量转换,建立土壤有机质的BP神经网络预测模型,预测精度高达0.95.与土地开发整理前相比,土地开发整理后土壤有机质含量明显增加,土壤肥力提高而且分布均匀,土地平整效果显著,该方法对土地开发整理土壤质量验收工作具有重要的理论意义和实用价值.     

Biodegradation of dissolved organic carbon in soil extracts and leachates from a temperate forest stand and its relationship to ultraviolet absorbance

The amount and biodegradability of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in forest floors can contribute to carbon sequestration in soils and the release of CO 2-C from soil to the atmosphere.There is only limited knowledge about the biodegradation of DOC in soil extracts and leachates due to the limitations inherent in degradation experiments.Differences in the biodegradation of DOC were studied in forest soil extracts using cold and hot water and 4 mmol/L CaCl 2 solution and in soil leachates sampled under different conditions over a wide range of DOC concentrations.From these results,we developed a simple and rapid method for determining the biodegradable organic C in forest floors.The hot water extracts and CaCl 2 extracts after CH 3 Cl fumigation contained higher concentrations of biodegradable organic C than the cold water extracts and CaCl 2 extracts before fumigation,with rapid DOC degradation occurring 24-48 h after incubation with an inoculum,followed by slow DOC degradation till 120-168 h into the incubation.During a 7-d incubation with an inoculum,the variation in DOC degradation in the different soil extracts was consistent with the change in special UV absorbance at 254 nm.Relatively higher levels of biodegradable organic C were detected in soil leachates from the forest canopy than in forest gaps between April and October 2008 (P <0.05).Relatively lower concentrations of DOC and biodegradable organic C were observed in soil leachates from N-fertilized plots during the growing season compared with the control,with the exception of the plot treated with KNO 3 at a rate of 45 kg N ha 1 a 1.Around 77.4% to 96.3% of the variability in the biodegradable organic C concentrations in the forest floors could be accounted for by the initial DOC concentration and UV absorbance at 254 nm.Compared with the conventional inoculum incubation method,the method of analyzing UV absorbance at 254 nm is less time consuming and requires a much smaller sample volume.The results suggest that the regression models obtained using the initial DOC concentration and UV absorbance can provide a rapid,simple and reliable method for determining the biodegradable organic C content,especially in field studies involving relatively large numbers of samples.     

Rankine被动应力状态粮仓的Janssen行为

本文针对两种不同尺寸的颗粒,研究了仓底压力的最小值随填充质量和粮仓直径的变化关系,所得结果能用Janssen公式很好拟合,但其中的径向与轴向应力比值约为2,远大于通常粮仓工程规范中的Jaky公式估算值0.4,说明仓底压力最小时粮仓的应力状态靠近Rankine被动态。研究结果表明尽管粮仓的应力状态不尽相同,但它们都能较好地遵守Janssen提出的假设。     

非线性介质对SU(2)非阿贝尔场的响应

将夸克介质视为非简谐振子模型，讨论了它对SU（2）非阿贝尔场的响应，采用微扰迭代法解出了方程的一，二，三级近似解，初步得出了这种响应的一些非线性特征。     

基于物元与或网的可拓推理

本文给出了基于物元与或网的启发式可拓搜索算法、可拓关系继承推理、相关记忆可拓继承（联想）推理，丰富了机器学习的创造性的推理内容。     

微积分思想在中学物理教学中的一个应用

介质质点的振动方向与波的传播方向之间存在密切联系,本文介绍在中学物理教学中讲好这一联系的三个重要环节.     

天然水中有机物对Pb（Ⅱ）与无机固体粒子相互作用的影响

研究了黄河水中脯氨酸和丙氨酸存在时，对铅和无机固体粒子相互作用的离子转换率（Ｅ％）－ＰＨ关系的“Ｓ型”曲线的影响，当黄河水中铅的浓度固定时，低浓度氨基酸（２μｍｏｌ．ｌ＾－１）使Ｅ％降低，高浓度（２０μｍｏｌ．ｌ＾－１）氨基酸使Ｅ％升高，铅离子的交换范围葳不变。