高铟闪锌矿在氧压酸浸中铟浸出动力学的研究

铟是一种重要的多用途战略金属,具有较高的工业应用价值,但无独立可供开采的矿床,常伴生于铅锌等硫化矿中.因此,本文在传统电加热条件下进行了高铟闪锌矿氧压酸浸过程中铟浸出动力学实验的研究.结果表明:采用“有固态产物层的液-固相浸出反应动力学模型”对铟浸出动力学进行了研究,可知其浸出速率受到界面化学反应控制,其表观活化能为69.735kJ/mol,以及高铟闪锌矿氧压酸浸过程中铟浸出率随粒度减小、初始酸度增大、氧分压增大、浸出温度增大而增大.     

CaO基催化剂在生物质热解中原位脱碳作用研究

研究了CaO基复合催化剂在生物质热解过程中的原位脱碳作用,通过气相色谱仪分析热解气体产物组分及含量。结果表明,CaO基复合催化剂可以原位吸附生物质热解过程中产生的CO₂,达到生物质定向催化转化的目的。使用Fe-CaO、Ni-CaO复合催化剂可使生物质热解液相产物产率降低至20%以下,而气体产率提高,最高可达67.1%。Ni-CaO催化热解条件下气体产物中H₂含量最高可达52.9%,同时φ(H2)/φ(CO)达到2.6,改善了热解气品质。     

Alkaline pressure oxidative leaching of bismuth-rich and arsenic-rich lead anode slime

A new alkaline pressure oxidative leaching process(with NaNO3 as the oxidant and NaOH as the alkaline reagent)is proposed herein to remove arsenic,antimony,and lead from bismuth-rich and arsenic-rich lead anode slime for bismuth,gold,and silver enrichment.The effects of the temperature,liquid-to-solid ratio,leaching time,and reagent concentration on the leaching ratios of arsenic,antimony,and lead were investigated to identify the optimum leaching conditions.The experimental results under optimized conditions indicate that the average leaching ratios of arsenic,antimony and lead are 95.36%,79.98%,63.08%,respectively.X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that the leaching residue is composed of Bi,Bi2O3,Pb2Sb2O7,and trace amounts of NaSb(OH)6.Arsenic,antimony,and lead are thus separated from lead anode slime as Na3AsO4·10H2O and Pb2Sb2O7.Scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectrometry imaging revealed that the samples undergo appreciable changes in their surface morphology during leaching and that the majority of arsenic,lead,and antimony is removed.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to demonstrate the variation in the valence states of the arsenic,lead,and antimony.The Pb(IV)and Sb(V)content was found to increase substantially with the addition of NaNO3.     

海上稠油火烧油层物理模拟实验研究

为探索海上稠油火烧油层开发的可行性,针对渤海稠油油藏开展了火烧油层物理模拟实验。根据石油沥青组分测定法,分析渤海稠油原油组分;通过热失重与扫描量热同步热分析仪测试活化能等高温氧化反应动力学参数;采用一维燃烧管实验模拟评价燃烧稳定性及驱油效果。研究结果表明,渤海稠油组分特征与国内陆上油田相似;稠油高温氧化活化能为157 kJ/mol,与陆上油田相近;油藏火驱前缘推进稳定,燃烧前缘最高温度773 K左右,出口CO₂浓度长期稳定在12%以上,高温氧化燃烧状态良好;火烧驱油效率95.1%,空气油比548 m³/t,驱油效果较好。研究成果为海上稠油油藏火烧油层开发提供技术支持。     

硫化纳米零价铁去除水溶液中铀的机理

研究了铀溶液初始pH、HCO－₃质量浓度和硫化纳米零价铁(sulfidized nano-scale zerovalent iron,SnZVI)投加量对SnZVI去除铀的动力学过程的影响,并通过SEM、XRD和XPS阐明SnZVI去除铀的机理。球形SnZVI颗粒直径为100~200 nm,比表面积为43.5 m²/g。SnZVI颗粒中含有Fe和FeS,且Fe(0)和Fe(Ⅱ)含量超过80%。SnZVI去除铀的动力学过程符合准一级动力学模型。增加SnZVI投加量,反应后溶液中铀质量浓度低于0.05 mg/L,但是pH升高及HCO－₃质量浓度增加导致SnZVI去除铀的速率降低。SnZVI去除铀的负荷达到2 452.92 mg/g,且反应后颗粒中约85%的铀为U(IV)和U(V)。研究结果表明,SnZVI可通过表面官能团的吸附作用及Fe(0)的还原作用快速分离水溶液中的铀。     

原位纳米增强高强韧钢氢脆性能研究

We investigated the critical influence of in-situ nanoparticles on the mechanical properties and hydrogen embrittlement (HE) of high-strength steel. The results reveal that the mechanical strength and elongation of quenched and tempered steel (919 MPa yield strength, 17.11% elongation) are greater than those of hot-rolled steel (690 MPa yield strength, 16.81% elongation) due to the strengthening effect of in-situ Ti₃O₅–Nb(C,N) nanoparticles. In addition, the HE susceptibility is substantially mitigated to 55.52%, approximately 30% lower than that of steels without in-situ nanoparticles (84.04%), which we attribute to the heterogeneous nucleation of the Ti₃O₅ nanoparticles increasing the density of the carbides. Compared with hard TiN inclusions, the spherical and soft Al₂O₃–MnS core–shell inclusions that nucleate on in-situ Al₂O₃ particles could also suppress HE. In-situ nanoparticles generated by the regional trace-element supply have strong potential for the development of high-strength and hydrogen-resistant steels.     

某铀矿细菌菌群柱浸过程中的硫强化作用及其机理分析

评估了由Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans和Leptospirillum ferriphilum组成的混合菌群在柱式反应器中浸出某复杂铀矿的硫强化作用及其可行性。在77 d细菌柱浸过程中,硫强化(8 g/kg)后,铀的浸出率达到了约83.61%,与对照组相比,增加了10%。利用扫描电镜和X射线荧光光谱仪对矿渣进行了表征,结果表明硫强化后的矿渣表面有细菌侵蚀的痕迹且孔隙度增大。细菌群落分析表明,硫强化后浸出液中的优势种群从Leptospirillum ferriphilum转变为Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans,且Leptospirillum ferriphilum在下层矿石表面占比从强化前的4.3%增加到了40.74%,和Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans保持了较好的平衡。此外,动力学分析表明,铀矿细菌柱浸动力学模型更遵循了通过中间产物层控制的内部扩散模式,且硫强化能够增强铀的浸出动力学。最后,建立了一个与细菌群落和化学反应相关联的硫强化生物浸铀的机制模型。     

搅拌磨超细粉磨金精矿工艺的优化

研究了搅拌磨超细粉磨金精矿的工艺,考察了主要参数对粉磨效果的影响.结果表明,通过优化磨矿过程中各种影响因素,可以获得细度-20μm＞99%的金精矿产品.     

微咸水淋洗改良对盐碱化旱田豇豆产量及性状影响

松嫩平原西部有苏打盐碱化土地面积373万hm2,其中除了盐碱化草地与碱斑地、盐碱湿地、低洼易涝盐碱地外,约有25%的盐碱低产旱田[1]由于尚无更有效的盐碱化旱田改良利用方法,目前只能种植耐盐碱性较强、耗地力、低效益的向日葵,轻度盐碱地虽能种植甜菜、高梁、糜子及玉米等,但是产量和效益均较低。为此,试验采用本地区20m~30m深具有较好渗透性的微咸水(矿化度1g/L~3g/L)进行豇豆田淋洗灌溉[2-5],进一步探讨微咸水淋洗灌溉对豇豆产量和相关性状的影响,以提供盐碱化旱田改良及高效利用的方法和依据。图1,表2,参5。     

Dissolution behavior and dissolution mechanism of palygorskite in HCl solution

The 1 mol/L, 3 mol/L and 5 mol/L HCl solutions were employed to leach two palygorskites with different trioctahedral contents in their crystal structure for different period of time. The results of the dissolution experiments show that the dissolution process could be divided into three steps, and that this dissolution behavior can be attributed to its higher Mg2+ content, and is restricted by the extraction behavior of Si4+. The preferential extraction for Mg2+ promotes the extraction behavior of Si4+ from Si-O framework. Because the Si4+ in the form of amorphous SiO2 is adsorbed onto the surface of palygorskite fibre, the reaction between palygorskite and acid is obstructed. With the elapsing of time, or the increasing of the acid concentration, the amorphous SiO2 flocculates, and then the channels of chemical reaction are reopened. The ratio value of Mg2+/(Fe3++Al3+) in leaching solution tends to a fixed value, showing that the acid attacks not only the surface but also the structural channels. There are no obvious three steps observed during the acid attack on the palygorskite with a lower trioctahedral content. The differential behavior for two palygorskites is discussed.