碳纤维/MC尼龙6原位复合材料的非等温结晶动力学

采用差示扫描量热(DSC)法,研究表面接枝聚己内酰胺链段的碳纤维(CF)/单体浇铸(MC)尼龙6原位复合材料,以及其在不同冷却速率下的结晶动力学特性;用Jeziorny法和Liu法对它们的非等温结晶动力学进行处理.结果表明,碳纤维对基体尼龙6的结晶有一定的促进作用,提高了结晶温度和结晶速率.表面接枝聚己内酰胺链段的碳纤维/MC尼龙6原位复合材料,比未接枝的碳纤维/MC尼龙6原位复合材料具有更高的结晶温度、结晶速率和更大的结晶度.     

PM Rene 95合金中夹杂物的微观力学行为

采用人工植入Al2O3夹杂物的试样,通过SEM原位观察及非线性有限元分析,研究了在单轴拉伸条件下P/MRene95合金中夹杂物与基体的相互作用机理.结果表明,不同尺寸及位置的夹杂物对拉伸进程影响不同;夹杂物/基体界面的裂纹萌生及扩展取决于界面附近基体材料的应力状态.     

A novel process for the recovery of iron,titanium, and vanadium from vanadium-bearing titanomagnetite:sodium modification-direct reduction coupled process

A sodium modification-direct reduction coupled process was proposed for the simultaneous extraction of V and Fe from vanadium-bearing titanomagnetite. The sodium oxidation of vanadium oxides to water-soluble sodium vanadate and the transformation of iron oxides to metallic iron were accomplished in a single-step high-temperature process. The increase in roasting temperature favors the reduction of iron oxides but disfavors the oxidation of vanadium oxides. The recoveries of vanadium, iron, and titanium reached 84.52%, 89.37%, and 95.59%, respectively. Moreover, the acid decomposition efficiency of titanium slag reached 96.45%. Compared with traditional processes, the novel process provides several advantages, including a shorter flow, a lower energy consumption, and a higher utilization efficiency of vanadium-bearing titanomagnetite resources.     

添加剂对锰渣中铬离子浸取的影响

以8-羟基喹啉、磺原酸钾、十六烷基三甲基苄基溴化铵、磷酸三丁酯和柠檬酸为浸取添加剂,考察了添加剂用量、浸取时间、浸取温度和酸矿比等对铬离子浸出率的影响.实验结果表明：用0.8%磺原酸钾做添加剂,在固液比为1∶4（g/mL）,酸矿比为0.3∶1(mL/g),浸取温度为60 ℃下浸取90 min,Cr6+离子浸出率为38.11％,是加热浸取法的1.5倍.     

非均匀地应力下蠕变地层套管的载荷与变形关系

蠕变地层中套管载荷与套管变形是两个相互作用的因素,给出了非均匀地应力下蠕变地层套管载荷和变形的解析解。地层蠕变效应是引起各类套管大量损坏的主要原因之一,在非均匀地应力下,如何计算蠕变地层作用于套管上的最终稳定载荷和套管最终变形,这是两个很难解决的课题。将套管看成弹性体,把地层视为无穷大的黏弹性体,利用非均匀地应力条件下蠕变地层的开尔文模型本构关系,运用半逆解法和拉普拉斯变换法,完善了非均匀地应力条件下蠕变地层套管载荷的解析解,进而求出了套管变形的解析解;研究了非均匀地应力下蠕变地层中套管载荷的分布规律和变形的影响因素。结论对蠕变地层中套管的选用有重要的参考价值。     

双向低频振动对铀尾矿库滩面覆土层控氡效果影响的试验研究

双向低频振动引起铀尾矿库滩面覆盖层控氡效果劣化是其结构设计中应加以考虑的一项问题。以铀尾砂与本地红土为原材料,制备干燥、自然和饱和三种含水状态下铀尾矿库滩面覆土层试样,基于自制激振组合氡析出试验装置,开展双向低频振动下铀尾矿库滩面覆土层氡析出试验。结果表明,不同含水状态的铀尾矿库滩面覆土层在低频振动条件下,均大致呈现降氡效率随覆土厚度增加而增加的趋势,其中当覆土厚度为5 cm时,降氡效率分别为54.14%、50.32%、60.51%;当激振频率为10 Hz左右时,干燥、自然状态覆土表面氡析出率均达到峰值,分别为0.135 Bq/(m²·s)、0.089 Bq/(m²·s),而饱和状态覆土表面氡析出率在15 Hz的低频振动条件下达到峰值0.118 Bq/(m²·s);双向低频振动对覆土层控氡效果的影响程度表现为:饱和状态>干燥状态>自然状态。     

铀尾矿浸出液对蚕豆(Vicia faba)早期生长的影响

利用室内培养法研究了铀尾矿浸出液对蚕豆(Vicia faba)根尖细胞的微核率、核酸酶活性及对蚕豆种子萌发的影响.结果表明:铀尾矿浸出液达到一定剂量时均可引起蚕豆根尖细胞微核数增加,微核数随浓度增大而逐渐增多,说明铀尾矿对蚕豆幼苗具有明显的遗传毒性效应;铀尾矿对蚕豆种子的萌发率没有影响;铀尾矿促进幼苗的生长,低浓度比高浓度明显;低浓度铀尾矿浸出液对核酸酶有一定的激活作用,高浓度则抑制.当铀尾矿浸出液浓度逐渐增大时,抑制作用逐渐增强.图1,表4,参14.     

Influence of acid leaching and calcination on iron removal of coal kaolin

Calcination and acid leaching of coal kaolin were studied to determine an effective and economical preparation method of calcined kaolin. Thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) demonstrated that 900℃ was the suitable temperature for the calcination. Leaching tests showed that hydrochloric acid was more effective for iron dissolution from raw coal kaolin (RCK), whereas oxalic acid was more effective on iron dissolution from calcined coal kaolin (CCK). The iron dissolution from CCK was 28.78wt%, which is far less effective than the 54.86wt% of RCK under their respective optimal conditions. Through analysis by using M?ssbauer spectroscopy, it is detected that nearly all of the structural ferrous ions in RCK were removed by hydrochloric acid. However, iron sites in CCK changed slightly by oxalic acid leaching because nearly all ferrous ions were transformed into ferric species after firing at 900℃. It can be concluded that it is difficult to remove the structural ferric ions and ferric oxides evolved from the structural ferrous ions. Thus, iron removal by acids should be conducted prior to calcination.     

SiCp/Al MMCs等离子弧原位焊接接头组织与性能

通过填充Ti,N元素对SiCp／Al基复合材料（SiCp／Al MMCs）进行等离子弧原位焊接,分析了焊缝的组织和力学性能．以氩、氮混合气体为离子气,0．8mm厚钛片作为原位合金化材料进行原位焊接,不仅抑制了脆性相的形成,而且在焊缝中形成了TiN,TiC等新的增强相,保证了焊接接头的性能．力学性能试验结果表明,不加填充材料焊接时,试样拉伸强度仅为母材强度的31．24％;进行原位焊接时,试样强度达到母材强度的50．89％．断口主要表现为混合型脆性断口．     

若尔盖铀矿田含矿岩系的岩石特征及成因探讨

通过对川西若尔盖铀矿田含矿岩系的宏观产状和显微岩石学特征的研究,认为该铀矿田的三套含矿地层主要有硅岩、灰岩、板岩三种岩石类型.其中,硅岩包括了泥晶硅岩、变晶硅岩、硅化(交代)硅岩、钙化硅岩;其成因有两类,产于泥质板岩夹层中的薄层状硅岩是生物化学沉积形成的,而以不规则透镜状产于灰岩层内及其上、下部的硅岩则属于灰岩受后期硅化交代而成.灰岩包括砂质细晶灰岩、硅化球粒灰岩、硅化泥晶灰岩三种;砂质细晶灰岩系混积陆棚环境的产物,硅化球粒灰岩、硅化泥晶灰岩系生物、生物化学成因的泥晶灰岩经硅化而成.板岩包括泥质板岩、砂板岩、千枚状板岩三类,系陆棚环境细碎屑岩经区域变质而成.三类岩石的宏观和微观特征反映出若尔盖铀成矿区早志留世为陆棚环境,海平面的升降使沉积环境在内陆棚与外陆棚之间变换.在剖面结构上,表现为砂质板岩-粉砂质板岩-泥板岩(泥晶灰岩)-页岩-硅岩的韵律性叠置.