原位聚合制备聚丙烯腈-氧化石墨烯复合材料

采用Hummers法制备高氧化程度的氧化石墨烯,并用异氰酸苯酯对其修饰,丙烯腈单体在氧化石墨烯插层并进行原位聚合.采用FT-IR、XRD、TG及SEM对其复合材料的化学结构、结晶度变化、热稳定性及形貌进行了表征.     

固定床生物反应器处理铀矿冶废水中NO-3模拟试验研究

针对铀矿冶废水中存在过量硝酸根的问题,通过以轻质黏土陶粒为载体的上流式固定床生物反应器对模拟的铀矿山废水进行了NO－₃的去除试验研究。考察了载体种类、挂膜次数、NO－₃质量浓度、pH、n(C)/n(N)和水力停留时间(hydraulic retention time ,HRT)等因素对反硝化效果的影响,结果表明生物反应器对硝酸根去除效果良好。以NO－₃质量浓度为500 mg/L模拟废水进行流动实验,tHRT由6 h下降至2 h的过程中,反应体系稳定后NO－₃去除率均为100%,达到了预期的去除效果。     

Compositional complexity dependence of dislocation density and mechanical properties in high entropy alloy systems

This study focuses on a quantitative analysis of dislocation accumulation after cold plastic deformation and mechanical properties of FeNiCoCrMn and TiNbHfTaZr high entropy alloys (HEAs) which are single phase fcc and bcc solid solutions, respectively. In order to study the role of compositional complexity from unary to quinary compositions on dislocation accumulation and mechanical properties after plastic deformation, the single solid solution phase forming sub-alloys of the two HEAs were investigated. All studied samples revealed a large plastic deformability under cold-rotary swaging process by 85–90% area reduction without intermediate annealing. The dislocation density of all studied samples, determined by Williamson-Hall method on synchrotron X-ray diffraction patterns, were between 10¹⁴ - 10¹⁵ m⁻² dependent on the alloy composition. The level of dislocation density after plastic deformation is not only affected by the number of constituent element but the lattice distortion and intrinsic properties in terms of stacking fault energy, modulus misfit, and melting point also impact the dislocation storage. The level of dislocation density determines the level of mechanical properties because of a resistance to dislocation motions. The hardness and yield compressive strength of the studied samples are proportional to the level of dislocation density.     

原位插层聚合制备硅树脂/蒙脱土纳米复合材料

用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)做有机化处理剂,通过原位插层聚合法制备了甲基苯基硅树脂/有机蒙脱土(OMMT)纳米复合材料.采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)等手段研究了复合材料内部结构,同时测试了复合材料力学性能、耐高温性能及气液阻隔性能.研究结果表明:硅树脂的分子链插层进入了OMMT层间,完全破坏其重复片层结构,形成剥离型纳米复合材料;OMMT质量分数为8%时,复合材料在750℃下仅失重25%,且具有较好的气液阻隔性能;OMMT质量分数为6%时,复合材料拉伸强度为6.264 MPa,是纯硅树脂的5倍;OM-MT质量分数为4%时,压缩强度11.503 MPa,是纯硅树脂的4倍.     

原位聚合法制备异恶草酮微胶囊的预聚合成工艺研究

对以脲醛树脂为壁材、用原位聚合法制备除草剂异恶草酮微胶囊的预聚合成工艺进行了研究,考察了单体量比、预聚反应介质pH值、反应温度和时间对微胶囊的结构、包覆效果和包埋率等的影响。结果表明,单体物质的量比n(脲)∶n(甲醛)=1∶2.0、预聚反应pH值为8.0、预聚反应温度为70℃、反应时间为60 min时,可得到以二羟甲脲为主的水溶性透明黏稠预聚物。用此预聚物进行缩聚反应,可制得结构紧密、包覆良好、包埋率为26.7%的球形缓释性固体微胶囊。     

PZNT/LSCO异质结的制备与反铁电性能研究

采用溶胶凝胶法在SiO2／Si（100）衬底上制备了PbZr0．96Ti0.03Nb0.01O3／La0.05Sr0．05CoO3（PZNT／LSCO）异质结,研究了该异质结构的表面形貌、结构特征、介电特性和储能特性．LSCO具有非常特殊的表面形貌,PZNT／LSCO异质结为随机取向．研究给出了PZNT／LSCO异质结的介电温谱．PZNT／LSCO的储能密度呈现随测试频率先增大后减小的趋势．在500kV／cm电场强度下,频率为1kHz时,PZNT／LSCO具有最大的储能密度5．35J／cm^3．     

[Zn(IBG)(H_2O)_3]·2H_2O配合物的合成、结构和热稳定性研究

合成了化合物[Zn(IBG)(H2O)3].2H2O(H2IBG=1,3-苯二甲酰二甘氨酸),并通过X射线衍射对其单晶结构进行了测定.该结构属于正交晶系,空间群C222(1),分子量Mr=431.65,晶胞参数a=0.693 01(14)nm,b=0.772 56(14)nm,c=23.006 4(6)nm,V=1.609 61nm3,Z=4,Dc=1.781g.cm-3,F(000)=888.0.由于分子内和分子间氢键,使得分子结构更趋稳定.通过红外光谱(IR)、热重分析及XRD对化合物进行了表征.     

Alignment of Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes in Polyacrylonitrile Fibers by Mechanical Drawing

Polyacrylonitrile(PAN)/multi-walled carbon nanotubes(MWNTs)nanocomposites were prepared by an in-situ polymerization method and the fibers from these composites were obtained by a wet-spinning process.The orientation behavior of MWNTs in the PAN fibers was investigated by X-ray diffraction and sound velocity methods.The dispersion and the alignment of the nanotubes were also studied by scanning electron microscopy.     

硝酸盐作酸法地浸采铀氧化剂的分解机理探讨

从室内试验、现场有关数据分析、理论计算等多角度进行研究,探讨了硝酸盐作酸法地浸采铀氧化剂时的转换机制,在地浸条件下NH4+-NO2--NO3-体系三氮平衡关系总是向NO3-转化,表现为NO3-的积累.     

红外光谱技术在铁氧化物形成研究中的应用

以红外光谱(IR)和X射线衍射(XRD)为主要表征手段,研究了在中性环境中微量Fe(Ⅱ)离子存在时氢氧化铁凝胶的相转化过程,获得了铁氧化物液相形成过程的重要信息．结果表明：微量Fe(Ⅱ)离子存在时氢氧化铁凝胶的相转化机制与没有Fe(Ⅱ)离子时不同,除生成α-FeOOH和α-Fe2O3外,还生成了新的物种γ-FeOOH,γ-FeOOH的生成与温度、pH、阴离子种类等反应条件有关。