生物素-抗生物素系统斑点免疫结合试验检测棘球蚴病患者的免疫应答

建立了生物素-抗生物素系统斑点免疫结合试验(BAS-DIBA),并以此法研究了棘球蚴病患者对细粒棘球蚴(Echinococcus granulosus)抗原的免疫应答.79例棘球蚴病患者血清、69例非棘球蚴病患者血清和119例健康人血清的BAS-DIBA试验结果为:两试验检测抗棘球蚴抗原抗体的敏感性分别为97.45%和92.41%;特异性分别为98.40%和98.94%;在91.14%的棘球蚴病患者血清中,BAS-DIBA试验较DIBA法敏感;两法同为阳性的棘球蚴病患者血清中,BAS-DIBA检出的抗体效价的几何均数为DIBA法的5.48倍;4例DIBA试验阴性的棘球蚴病患者血清在BAS-DIBA法中为阳性.证实所建立的BAS-DIBA法是检测棘球蚴病患者免疫应答敏感性高、特异性强的方法,特别是对于低抗体水平的棘球蚴病患者可能具有更高的应用价值.     

2016年中国肿瘤防治热点回眸

 2016年是中国肿瘤防治重要的一年。回顾了中国2016年在肿瘤预防领域采取的环境治理、防治肥胖、大病医保及健康体检等措施,简述了在治疗肺癌、白血病、乳腺癌、消化道癌和鼻咽癌等方面取得的重要进展,盘点了新药研发、免疫治疗和转化医学研究平台建设等方面取得的成绩,分析了中国肿瘤防治的发展前景。     

MuSK重症肌无力小鼠模型的建立

目的 建立肌肉特异性受体酪氨酸激酶抗体(MuSK-Ab)阳性的重症肌无力小鼠模型。方法 6～8周龄的雌性C57BL/6小鼠(40只),适应饲养1周后,随机分组后造模。造模第1天在 4个位置(两个后脚和两个肩膀)分别注射免疫抗原(每个部位50 μL,含12.5μg 鼠源肽,CFA完全费氏佐剂);造模第30及50天再次在上述 4个位置(两只后脚和两个肩部)分别注射免疫抗原,第70天后每天对发病情况进行评分。结果 模型成功率50%。评分为1分小鼠1只,2分的3只,3分的5只,4分为1只。结论 制备MuSK-Ab小鼠模型,造模方法可行,有助于对重症肌无力疾病的深入研究。     

改进的免疫算法及其在函数优化中的应用

为了提高免疫算法的搜索能力,根据生物免疫机制及生物进化的周期性,设计了一种周期变化变异算子。为了避免仅仅以亲和度作为免疫选择评价标准,低亲和度抗体过度抑制,提出了将抗体浓度引入到亲和度中作为评价指标,设计了一种改进的免疫选择算子。基于马尔科夫链,分析了改进免疫算法的收敛性。为了测试该算法的有效性,将算法应用于函数优化问题中。仿真结果表明,改进的免疫算法具有更高的搜索速度和精度。     

A self-adaptive negative selection algorithm used for anomaly detection

A novel negative selection algorithm (NSA), which is referred to as ANSA, is presented. In many actual anomaly detection systems, the training data is just partially composed of the normal elements, and the self/nonself space often varies over time. Therefore, anomaly detection system has to build the profile of the system based on a part of self elements and adjust itself to adapt those variables. However, previous NSAs need a large number of self elements to build the profile of the system, and lack adaptability. In order to overcome these limitations, the proposed approach uses a novel technique to adjust the self radius and evolve the nonself-covering detectors to build an appropriate profile of the system. To determine the performance of the approach, the experiments with well-known dataset were performed. Results exhibited that our proposed approach outperforms previous techniques.     

Investigation of gene expression profiles in coronary heart disease and functional analysis of target gene

The research outlined here includes constitution of the differential gene expression profile by means of oligonucleotide gene microarray and functional analysis of the target gene for coronary heart disease (CHD). In a microarray screening experiment, the predominance of inflammation- and immune-related genes is presented in the expression profile of 107 differential genes based on the analysis of gene ontology and gene pathway. IL-8, an inflammatory factor, is identified as one of the genes that were markedly up-regulated in CHD. The plasma level of IL-8 is significantly raised in patients with CHD (n = 30) compared with healthy controls (n = 40), which underscores the clinical relevance of the in vitro finding. The further functional analysis shows that IL-8 affects platelet aggregation percentage, expression of CD62p and platelet aggregation morphology in 12 healthy volunteers to some extent. These findings suggest the relevance of inflammation and immune responses to CHD at the DNA level. Moreover, IL-8 may be involved in the pathogenesis of CHD through the pathway of platelet activation. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 90409021)     

无量纲指标免疫检测器在缓变故障检测中的应用研究

本文利用无量纲指标和人工免疫原理构造了五种无量纲指标免疫检测器。提取试验中的数据,采用阴性选择算法、增加编码位数进行编码,检测器能检测到微小的变化,通过多个无量纲指标免疫检测器同时进行交叉检测,再进行集成、融合,使缓变故障得到较准确诊断。实验结果表明了本文所提出的方法的有效性。     

基于免疫的蚁群优化算法

蚁群算法在寻优过程中很容易出现早熟现象而陷入局部最优,同时蚁群算法在构造问题的可行解时,计算复杂度较大.为解决以上问题,将免疫算法和蚁群算法相结合,构成了一种结合免疫机制的蚁群优化算法,并将其用于解决WTA(武器目标分配)问题.通过仿真及与其它多种优化算法对比发现:基于免疫的蚁群优化算法在搜索效率上要高于其它优化算法.     

人工免疫网络算法的改进及免疫优化应用

基于人工免疫网络算法(aiNet)模型,借鉴禁忌搜索算法(TS)的思想,提出一种禁忌搜索与人工免疫的混合算法,即人工免疫网络算法(TS-aiNet).在算法中引入禁忌表,禁忌那些在网络迭代中亲和度连续不再增加的细胞,并通过特赦准则赦免一些被禁忌的优良状态;增加1个记忆表,用于保存成熟的记忆细胞;重新定义高斯变异方式,以保证多样化的有效搜索.利用Markov链证明算法全局收敛性,通过对多个典型系统测试函数的仿真实验定量分析该算法的性能,并与经典克隆选择算法和opt-aiNet算法进行比较研究,分析特征参数对算法性能的影响.实验结果表明,该算法在多模态搜索空间中具有更强的全局收敛性、稳定性和寻找极值点能力,能够克服早熟现象,是一种有效的全局优化搜索方法.     

乳酸菌肽与模拟生物膜脂质体的相互作用

通过同步荧光法,循环伏安法和交流阻抗法,研究了乳酸菌肽与模拟生物膜脂质体的相互作用.实验研究发现这种肽和带正电的脂质体间存在相互作用,乳酸菌肽可以支撑双层内脂膜产生孔隙,它使得标记离子Fe（CN）6^3-/4-穿过内脂膜,在玻碳电极（GCE）上发生氧化还原反应,这种作用与时间和乳酸菌肽的浓度都有关.