孔隙介质中非混相微观驱替机理及影响因素

石油工程注水开发过程中,存在着多种微观驱替机理。对活塞型驱替机理、海恩斯跳跃、爬行机理、卡断机理、小孔包围大孔机理、指进机理和绕流、粘附现象、部分膜流动机理、汇聚现象等驱替机理分别进行了综述和探讨。这些驱替现象能否发生、发生的相对重要性依赖于外部条件(如注入速度、注入压力)、孔隙介质的微观几何形状及结构形态、流体性质、储层特性以及两流体之间的界面张力等。结合薄片岩心动态驱替模型实验结果及相关文献,简要指出了各种驱替机理的影响因素。     

Phase separation and microstructural characteristics of undercooled Cu-Pb immiscible alloy

Bulk samples of Cu-80%Pb hypermonotectic alloy were undercooled by up to 270 K (0.21 TL) with glass fluxing technique. The undercooling behavior and the final microstructure were investigated experimentally. It was found that the macrosegregation decreased with the increase of undercooling exponentially. When undercooling reached 270 K, the volume fraction of macrosegregation was reduced by one order of magnitude. Meanwhile, high undercooling brought about significant changes to the microstructural morphology of S(Cu) phase. At small undercoolings, S(Cu) phase grew in dendritic manner. As undercooling increased, S(Cu) dendrite transformed gradually to spherical shell. This morphology transition was ascribed to the concurrent action of the phase separation within miscibility gap and the subsequent solidification process of L2 (Pb) matrix. As an essential step to model the final microstructure, theoretical calculations related to the nucleation of L1 (Cu) droplets were carried out.     

Mechanical alloying in immiscible alloy systems

In recent years, mechanical alloying (MA) of immiscible alloy systems characterized by positive heat of mixing has been extensively investigated. The present article reviews the latest progress in MA of immiscible alloy systems including the mechanisms of non-equilibrium phase transformation and metastable phase formation of the MA-driven supersaturated solid solutions, amorphous phases and nanophase composites as well as their mechanical and physical properties related to those metastable phases.     

Calculation of the self-formation driving force for composite microstructure in liquid immiscible alloy system

Using Becker's method, we calculate the interfacial energy between two liquid phases in an immiscible system. Based on the Gibbs-Thomson equation, the force acting on the droplet towards the thermal center can be obtained by integrating the interfacial energy between the droplet and matrix liquid phase, which is related to both the radius of a droplet and the temperature gradient. In addition, the forces of gravitation and buoyancy also act on the droplet. The calculated results indicate that the resultant for these forces together mainly decides the microstructure morphology of the solidified alloy. The calculated results are in good agreement with the corresponding experimental results.     

反应性不相容聚合物共混物相形态研究

基于单胞模型的概念对振动力场作用下简单剪切流动中反应性不相容聚合物共混物的能耗速率和能量比进行了表征,分析了振动强度、共混物组分、粘度比、硫化程度、界面张力对共混体系相形态的影响.计算结果表明,聚合物加工过程中引入振动力场为聚合物共混物相形态控制提供了更为有效的手段.     

多孔介质中不可压缩非溶混驱动问题之混合迎风有限元法的收敛性和最大值原理

本文讨论多孔介质中不可压缩非溶驱动问题的微分方程组，压力和达西速度用混合有限元逼近，浓度方程则组合伽辽金有限元和迎风有限元法。在问题解具有某种正则性和弱锐型三角剖分假定下，证明数值解有离散最大值原理和收敛性。     

孔隙介质中CO_2非混相驱替的渗流特性

为解决目前CO2-地层原油的非混相作用过程及体系在孔隙介质中的渗流特征仍较为模糊这一问题,利用CO2试验区的地层原油进行非混相体系的驱替实验,研究渗流特征及流体组分的变化规律。根据CO2在水、油介质中的溶解性质,对系统压力轻微降低的现象进行分析。实验监测记录了流体组成含量的变化过程,规律显示:CO2向原油中的溶解及两相间的作用过程是缓慢的;在分离气相中,CO2比重逐渐增大;液相中轻质组分含量降低,而重质组分含量逐渐增加,验证了CO2的抽提作用。非混相状态CO2在实验条件下的性质与常规状态表现出很大不同,非混相驱替方法可取得较好开发效果。     

水驱后天然气-水交替非混相驱开发效果影响因素分析

针对研究区块的地质及开发特点,建立了典型剖面模型,在压力体积温度(PVT)实验和相态拟合的基础上,应用数值模拟技术,对影响水驱后天然气水交替非混相驱开发效果的主要因素进行了分析。结果表明,转气驱时机、段塞尺寸、气水段塞比、注入速度等因素对于改善开发效果均存在最佳取值,现场应用时要综合考虑这些因素的影响。该区块最佳转气驱时机为注水0.4Vp(总烃类孔隙体积)后,最佳注入段塞尺寸为0.05Vp~0.1Vp,最佳气水比为1∶1,合理注入速度为30~45 m3/d,建议注气时各油层全部射开。