Role of humidity on the structures and properties of regenerated silk fibers

Silk fiber was processed from highly concentrated spinning dope to solid fibers along with water removal. To understand the mechanism of water removal during silk fiber spinning process, a microfluidic chip was designed and applied to investigate the structures and mechanical properties of two kinds of regenerated silk fibroin fibers dry-spun at different relative humidity. The experimental results showed that the diameters of the fibers spun at 40% RH are always larger than the fibers spun at 50% RH due to different removal rates of water. The fibers spun at low humidity contain more β-sheet structure and lower degree of chain orientation and crystalline orientation. These results indicate that the fast phase transition of silk fibroin from sol–gel to silk fiber undergoes with rapid water removal and higher fiber orientation relates to more residue water and drawing force.     

光栅刻划机刻划系统光机电集成优化方法研究

针对大面积衍射光栅刻划机在宏观尺度下进行微纳加工的工作特点以及纳米级刻线检测困难的问题,提出了一种光机电集成优化方法.此方法采用计算傅里叶光学和弦振动理论进行光栅刻线误差分析,结合振动实验及光学测量进行验证,最后采用智能优化方法对刻划系统进行结构参数优化.虚拟样机仿真结果表明,刻划系统的振动幅度降低了30%,验证了该集成优化方法的有效性.     

矩孔夫琅禾费衍射的解析解和数值解

通过对衍射屏透光函数进行二维傅里叶变换和离散型快速傅里叶变换,分别得到矩孔夫琅禾费衍射的光强分布的解析表达式和数值结果。然后借助Matlab软件强大的作图功能实现了两种情况下光强分布的可视化仿真,具体分析了衍射图像随矩形孔径大小的变化情况。最后通过将数值解和解析解直接比较,指出提高数值解图像分辨率保证结果有效可靠的关键性因素是对输入信号进行适当的补零。     

光纤传感应力检测的相似模拟实验

为定量化研究矿山相似材料模型的岩层移动规律,采用光纤Bragg光栅传感器、百分表和光学全站仪等多种测量手段,建立了基于光纤Bragg光栅传感器的模型应力应变检测系统,模拟采场上覆岩层由于采动引起的移动变形过程。实验室搭建3 m×1.15 m×0.2 m的采场上覆岩层移动的相似材料模型,几何相似比1∶200,模型中埋入3个不锈钢封装和6个醋酸乙烯封装光纤Bragg光栅传感器,1个陶瓷封装的温度光纤光栅传感器用以温度补偿,模型共架设14个百分表和6条全站仪测线。实验结果表明,光纤传感器对模型开挖过程中的应力状态变化形成了监测,光纤传感器的波长漂移量与相应岩层的垮落形态密切相关;模型实际岩层运移影响了光纤传感器波长漂移量曲线的变化,在岩块断裂时引起的FBG04的最大波长漂移量为1 504.24 pm;实验所用的不锈钢封装传感器的平均灵敏度为32.53 pm/mm,醋酸乙烯封装传感器的平均灵敏度为56.32 pm/mm,醋酸乙烯封装的光纤Bragg光栅传感器平均灵敏度是不锈钢封装的1.73倍。     

3D光学图像可视化的教学研究

科学计算能实现光学图像的三维可视化,比较于二维图形更能给人直观和立体的感觉。重点介绍三维光学图像可视化实现的计算机实验,科学计算是光学教学必备手段和最佳有效方法,所以对光学图像进行三维可视化的教学研究,在具有革命性变化的人与计算机直接交流过程中,将极大程度地提高教学的工作效率;在正确理解光学原理及规律和计算机实验可以灵活设置可控参数的基础上,能激发学生探索和发现光学世界的奥秘,从而调动学生的学习积极性。     

X射线衍射分析技术课程的实验教学研究

对X射线衍射分析技术课程的实验教学内容及所开设的实验进行了研究与探讨,通过衍射分析系列实验,使学生了解X射线衍射分析技术的应用范围,掌握其基本的表达方式与分析方法,学会正确分析基本的XRD衍射图谱,获得准确的材料结构信息,为学生今后从事材料研究与开发打下坚实的基础。     

光纤传感网络在桥梁施工应力监测中的应用

随着桥梁结构施工技术发展和桥跨的不断增长,为确保其施工的质量和安全性,在桥梁建设中对其应力进行实时的监测显得尤为重要.而传统的传感器在恶劣的施工环境中成活率极低,受环境影响较大,具有精度低等缺点.在新建桥梁的应力监测中采用光纤光栅传感技术,然后在有限元模拟的基础上,监测数据与普通传感器所测数据进行比较.结果表明:光纤光栅传感器在桥梁应力监测中具有可行性,为以后桥梁的应力应变监测提供了新方法.     

Comparison of the accuracy of powder and single-crystal X-ray diffraction techniques in determining organic crystal structure

This study demonstrates the accuracy of pow- der X-ray diffraction （PXRD） in determining the crystal structures of four organic molecules by comparing the structural information obtained from both single-crystal X-ray diffraction （SXRD） and PXRD techniques. Results showed that the PXRD technique had approximately the same precision as the SXRD technique. The majority of the relative deviations from PXRD-derived lattice parameters were within 4-0.2 % of the correct values （average of the SXRD data）, whereas the relative deviations in bond lengths and angles are within 4-1,0 %, All of the relative deviations were subjected to normal statistical distributions （# = 0） and coincided with the SXRD data. As an auxiliary implement of SXRD, PXRD is clearly an effective and powerful technique in establishing an accurate character- ization of organic molecules.     

Compression behavior of Sm）2Ti2O7-pyrochlore up to 50 GPa：single-crystal X-ray diffraction and density functional theory calculations

Single-crystal X-ray diffraction at pressures up to 50 GPa has been employed to study the compression behavior of Sm2Ti2O7-pyrochlore. In contrast to earlier reports, we observed no pressure-induced amorphization or pressure-induced anion disorder up to 50 GPa. The experimental study has been complemented by density functional theory-based calculations. A combination of the theoretical and experimental data yields a bulk modulus of 185 GPa, significantly higher than a value which had been reported earlier. In comparison to earlier work, the current study provides more reliable data due to the use of neon as a pressure medium, which provides a more hydrostatic pressure than the aluminum, which had been employed as a pressure medium in the earlier studies. An analysis of the compressibility of Al2B2O7 pyrochlores shows an approximately linear dependence of the bulk modulus on the unit cell volume.     

夫琅禾费单缝衍射中疑难问题探讨与解析

讨论了夫琅禾费衍射实验中,在普通光源与激光光源照射条件下,如何理解夫琅禾费单缝衍射实验装置的不同,主要从理论及实验实例两方面分析了满足单缝衍射实验装置实现夫琅禾费远场衍射的条件.