牦牛骨胶原蛋白肽的制备及其抗冻性能研究

以新鲜牦牛骨为原料,制备了牦牛骨胶原抗冻肽,并对其抗冻性能进行了研究。结果表明,以EDTA·2Na为脱钙剂对牛骨进行脱钙的最佳脱钙浓度为0.25 mol/L,脱钙时长为48 h,得到的胶原蛋白最大提取率为43.99%。胃蛋白酶酶解制备酶解复合物的最佳时间为48 h,温度25 ℃,得到的胶原蛋白的提取率可达48.53%。同时,采用改良的冰亲和吸附法对胶原抗冻肽进行吸附,得到最佳吸附时间为4 h,吸附温度为-2 ℃,吸附浓度为2 mg/ml,在此条件下,蛋白得率为48.1%,而热滞活性值可高达5.76 ℃。牦牛骨胶原抗冻肽属于一种高热滞活性蛋白资源,在食品冷冻保藏以及运输等领域有较好的应用前景。     

Dielectric,piezoelectric, and ferroelectric properties of lanthanum-modified PZTFN ceramics

Specimens of Pb_1?1.5xLa_x(Zr_0.53Ti_0.47)_1?y?zFe_yNb_zO₃(x = 0, 0.004, 0.008, 0.012, and 0.016, y = z = 0.01) (PZTFN) ceramics were synthesized by a semi-wet route. In the present study, the effect of La doping was investigated on the structural, microstructural, dielectric, piezoelectric, and ferroelectric properties of the ceramics. The results show that, the tetragonal (space group P4mm) and rhombohedral (space group R3c) phases are observed to coexist in the sample at x = 0.012. Microstructural investigations of all the samples reveal that La doping inhibits grain growth. Doping of La into PZTFN improves the dielectric, ferroelectric, and piezoelectric properties of the ceramics. The hysteresis loops of all specimens exhibit nonlinear behavior. The dielectric, piezoelectric and ferroelectric properties show a maximum response at x ≥ 0.012, which corresponds to the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB).     

循环蠕变加载下疲劳裂纹扩展速率的探讨

根据循环蠕变加载下应力-应变迟滞徊线的周期性,提出了在一个循环周期内以应变能密度为损伤参量,并把材料的机械疲劳损伤和蠕变损伤统一处理的方法,以解决这两种损伤之间的交互作用问题;指出了在循环蠕变的加速现象中包含了这两种损伤之间的交互作用的效果;借助于等效杨氏模量概念,对静蠕变公式进行修正后用于循环蠕变的应变计算,进而对能量密度进行计算。然后参照单轴疲劳的研究过程,导出了循环蠕变加载下基于能量密度的疲劳裂纹扩展速率公式。     

TGS单晶电畴运动的微分回线谱分析

微分电滞回线谱方法可分出铁电体中漏电导、非铁电性电容的影响而得到纯铁电机构运动的信息.采用该方法对硫酸三甘肽(TGS)单晶进行研究,确认单晶铁电畴的生长速度与外加电压的峰值大小和周期都密切相关.要想得到给定样品的完整电滞回线,外加电压需大于样品的矫顽电压,信号频率应尽可能小.否则,根据不完整电滞回线得到的极化强度、矫顽场等信息是错误的.对于厚度为0.50mm的TGS样品,频率需小于10Hz,电场峰值需大于1.2kV/cm,比矫顽场大30%.     

Preisach迟滞模型分类排序法的神经网络实现

针对非线性系统的迟滞特性开展建模研究,提出了一种Preisach模型分类排序法的神经网络实现方法,据此对压电陶瓷执行器纳米定位系统的迟滞非线性进行建模. 兼顾到迟滞的擦除特性和建模的精确度,建立BP神经网络求取收缩函数,避免了插值法求收缩函数值带来的插值误差. 实验结果表明,神经网络分类排序实现方法有效提高了Preisach模型的精度,减小了模型的误差.     

A comparative study of magnetic properties between whole cells and isolated magnetosomes of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Magnetospirillum magneticum</Emphasis> AMB-1

The magnetic properties of magnetosome magnetite are of interdisciplinary interest because magnetosomes are potential carriers of natural remanent magnetization and paleoenvironment, as well as novel nano-biomaterials in biotechnological and biomedical applications. We carried out magnetic and electron transmission microscopy analyses of fresh Magnetospirillum magneticum AMB-1 whole cells and isolated magnetosomes. Results revealed that AMB-1 synthesized single-domain magnetite magneto-somes, which are arra...     

混合流体Rayleigh-Benard对流的多重稳定性现象

通过流体力学基本方程组的数值模拟,初步探讨了矩形腔体内具有Soret效应的混合流体Rayleigh—Benard对流系统中斑图（Pattern）选择的多重稳定性（Muhistability）现象．包括有间歇性缺陷的行波和缺陷源水平运动的对传波（Counterpropagating wave）的多重稳定性现象,不同波数的摆动（Undulation）行波的多重稳定性现象,行波和摆动行波的多重稳定性现象等．对由沿着r增加或r减小方向计算引起的斑图转化过程的滞后（Hysteresis）现象也进行了分析．结果说明混合流体Rayleigh—Benard对流系统中的滞后现象和多重稳定性现象是存在的．     

椭圆钴纳米环磁化动力学研究

利用Monte-Carlo方法模拟了不同偏心率、不同厚度的椭圆钴纳米环的磁特性.模拟结果表明:当系统的偏心率较小时,厚度越大的椭圆钴纳米环的涡旋态（“vortex”态）越稳定,此系统的磁滞回线保持圆形纳米环的主要特征;系统的偏心率较大时,系统的磁特性与圆形纳米环有较大差别,涡旋态的稳定性与厚度并无明显关联;对椭圆钴纳米环的自旋组态分析发现,椭圆系统在极化态（“onion”态）与涡旋态之间出现了更多的亚稳态     

CO2在页岩中的吸附解吸性能评价

利用自主设计的页岩中气体吸附解吸实验装置,在不同温度和压力条件下研究CO2在不同页岩中的吸附解吸性能。结果表明:CO2在页岩上的等温吸附曲线属于典型的Ⅰ型等温曲线,可采用Langmuir模型对吸附及解吸数据进行拟合;相同温度下,CO2在页岩中的吸附量随着压力的升高而增大;相同压力下,CO2在页岩中的吸附量随着温度的升高而减小;相同温度压力条件下,CO2解吸过程中存在解吸滞后现象,且解吸附曲线表征的最大吸附能力低于吸附曲线表征的最大吸附能力;CO2在页岩上最大吸附量随有机碳含量增加而增大,随石英含量增加而减小。     

Tuning the magnetic anisotropy in LSMO manganite films through non-magnetic nanoparticles

We report the observation of anomalous magnetic anisotropy driven by nonmagnetic ZrO2 nanoparticles in epitaxial La2/3Sr1/3MnO (LSMO) films grown on LaAlO3 (LAO) substrates. The compressive epitaxial strain imposed by the lattice mismatch of substrate and film is tuned by the density of ZrO2 nanoparticles embedded in the film matrix and affects the magnetic anisotropy as well as the magnetotransport properties. Epitaxial 54 nm thick LSMO thin films with different concentrations of ZrO2 nanoparticles demonstrate anisotropic hysteresis loops concomitant with anisotropic magnetotresistance behavior. The biaxial epitaxial strain, induced by the substrate/film lattice parameter mismatch is partially relaxed by increasing the density of precipitates and they serve as a tuning parameter for the strain state. We interpret our results by a strain-induced interplay of impurity scattering, weak localization and magnetic domain structure.