纤毛虫皮层细胞骨架的研究进展

纤毛虫皮层的研究对探讨细胞的发育、分化、结构模式及其遗传控制有着极其重大的生物学意义,纤毛虫细胞皮层中含有非常丰富的细胞骨架成分,它们在结构上表现出来的特殊性有利于更深地探索皮层分化和皮层模式的控制机理,本综述了有关纤毛虫皮层细胞骨架的结构和形态发生方面的研究及皮层细胞骨架蛋白质构成的生化和分子生物学研究进展。     

Phylogenetic position of three Condylostoma species(Protozoa,Ciliophora,Heterotricheal inferred from the small subunit rRNA gene sequence

The systematically poorly known ciliate genus Conadylostoma was erected by Vincent in 1826.About 10 morphotypes have been reported,but any molecular investigations concerning this group SO far are lacking.In this work,the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SS rRNA)gene of three marine Conaylostoma species was sequenced,by which the phylogenetic trees were constructed by distance-matrix,maximum parsimony and Bayesian inference methods.The results show that(1)all the trees have similar topologies with high supports;(2)Condylostoma is mostly related to the genus Condylostentor;and(3)three Condylostoma species as well as Conadylostentor auriculatus cluster together and form a sister group with other heterotrichs.This is moderately consistent with the assessment of phylo-genetic relationships of Conaylostoma-related heterotrichs from the morphological information.The phylogenetic relationship of some other related heterotrichs,Peritromus,Fotlictllina,Stentor and Blepharisma,has been also discussed.     

Ecological functions of ciliated protozoa in marine ecosystem：effects on accumulation of ambient ammonia

Effects of ciliated protozoa, Euplotes vannus and Uronema marinum, on accumulation of ammonia in marine waters are detected using experimental ecological method, in order to reveal the contributions and functions of ciliates to the marine ecosystem. During experiments, the concentrations of ammonia-N, and the densities of ciliates and bacteria are measured. The results reveal that ciliates can change the procedure of ammonia accumulation by their grazing activity, and maintain ambient ammonium at low levels through interrupting the stationary phase of bacteria population growth and enhancing their growth and metabolism. The present work confirms that ciliates, as bacteria-predators, play positive roles in maintaining and improving water quality in marine ecosystems, especially in intensive mariculture biotopes.     

5′-Methyl-cytosine in the macronulear DNA ofBlepharisma japonicum

Summary Brief report on the presence of 5-methyl-cytosine as a minor base (0.56%) in the macronuclear DNA of the ciliate orotozoanBlepharisma japonicum. The evidence comes from electrophoresis of macronuclear DNA digested by appropriate restriction endonucleases and high-performance liquid chromatography     

腹毛目纤毛虫无性生殖周期中形态发生的研究

本文总结了腹毛目纤毛虫皮层纤毛器的形态发生过程,指出了对纤毛虫形态发生值得进一步研究的问题,并认为对某些纤毛虫形态发生中老口围带的命运有重新作观察的必要。也对皮层先存结构毛基体,以及细胞核在纤毛原基发生过程中的可能作用作了分析探讨。     

纤毛虫皮层结构的研究现状

从皮层细胞骨架和皮层表膜下结构两方面综述了纤毛虫皮层结构的研究进展,并对今后这两方面的研究工作提出了建议。     

Phylogenetic position of three Condylostoma species （Protozoa,Ciliophora, Heterotrichea） inferred from the small subunit rRNA gene sequence

The systematically poorly known ciliate genus Condylostoma was erected by Vincent in 1826. About 10 morphotypes have been reported, but any molecular investigations concerning this group so far are lacking. In this work, the small subunit ribosomal RNA （SS rRNA） gene of three marine Condylostoma species was sequenced, by which the phylogenetic trees were constructed by distancematrix, maximum parsimony and Bayesian inference methods. The results show that （1） all the trees have similar topologies with high supports; （2） Condylostoma is mostly related to the genus Condylostentor; and （3） three Condylostoma species as well as Condylostentor auriculatus cluster together and form a sister group with other heterotrichs. This is moderately consistent with the assessment of phylogenetic relationships of Condylostoma-related heterotrichs from the morphological information. The phylogenetic relationship of some other related heterotrichs, Peritromus, Folliculina, Stentor and Blepharisma, has been also discussed.     

纤毛虫摄食对浮游植物光合色素降解规律的初步研究

在实验室培养条件下,运用基于HPLC（高效液相色谱）的色素分析技术,以叶绿素a和主要类胡萝卜素的降解产物为指示,研究了海洋纤毛虫摄食微藻过程中对光合色素降解的影响以及降解规律.研究发现了对纤毛虫摄食活动有潜在指示意义的特征指示色素Pheophoribide a2.纤毛虫与桡足类对浮游植物的摄食过程对被摄食者色素降解影响规律不同.纤毛虫摄食过程对叶绿素a的降解效率显著低于桡足类摄食过程,且不存在对类胡萝卜素的降解偏好性.