蒙药栽培学概述

为了建立“蒙药栽培学”的理论体系,利用蒙药学、药用植物栽培学及其它相关学科的知识对蒙药栽培学的概念、任务、栽培意义、栽培特点、蒙药栽培现状及展望进行了概述.     

Selectivity determinants of the aldose and aldehyde reductase inhibitor-binding sites

Aldose reductase and aldehyde reductase belong to the aldo-keto reductase superfamily of enzymes whose members are responsible for a wide variety of biological functions. Aldose reductase has been identified as the first enzyme involved in the polyol pathway of glucose metabolism which converts glucose into sorbitol. Glucose over-utilization through the polyol pathway has been linked to tissue-based pathologies associated with diabetes complications, which make the development of a potent aldose reductase inhibitor an obvious and attractive strategy to prevent or delay the onset and progression of the complications. Structural studies of aldose reductase and the homologous aldehyde reductase in complex with inhibitor were carried out to explain the difference in the potency of enzyme inhibition. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive summary of previous studies to aid the development of aldose reductase inhibitors that may have less toxicity problems than the currently available ones. Received 4 December 2006; received after revision 12 February 2007; accepted 20 April 2007     

Aminoglycoside antibiotics: old drugs and new therapeutic approaches

Aminoglycoside antibiotics kill bacteria by binding to the ribosomal decoding site and reducing fidelity of protein synthesis. Since the discovery of these natural products over 50 years ago, aminoglycosides have provided a mainstay of antibacterial therapy of serious Gram-negative infections. In recent years, aminoglycosides have become important tools to study molecular recognition of ribonucleic acid (RNA). In an ingenious exploitation of the aminoglycosides’ mechanism of action, it has been speculated that drug-induced readthrough of premature stop codons in mutated messenger RNAs might be used to treat patients suffering from certain heritable genetic disorders. Received 23 January 2007; received after revision 25 February 2007; accepted 29 March 2007     

量子点经嗅觉通道进入中枢神经系统的可视化过程

模拟纳米颗粒呼吸道暴露及鼻腔给药模式, 给ICR雌性小鼠鼻腔滴注量子点溶液, 用动物活体荧光成像系统和荧光显微技术观察小鼠鼻腔、嗅球及大脑等组织中量子点分布随时间的变化情况. 动物活体荧光成像可见, 鼻腔滴注量子点30 min后, 量子点溶液扩散到嗅球, 2 h后鼻腔荧光强度逐渐变弱, 24 h仅在嗅球部位仍有可见荧光. 荧光显微镜观察组织切片可见, 滴注30 min时, 量子点仅存于嗅球前端边缘, 1 h后进入嗅球, 并向嗅球深层转移, 24 h后发现嗅球内量子点荧光变弱, 并在大脑组织切片内观察到量子点荧光. 结果表明, 纳米颗粒可以经过鼻黏膜进入脑组织, 分布于嗅球、大脑等部位.     

顺铂联合白细胞介素-2治疗恶性胸腔积液32例

目的：探讨胸腔注入顺铂（DDP）联合白细胞介素-2（IL-2）治疗恶性胸腔积液疗效。方法：58例患者均病理确诊为恶性胸腔积液，随机分为二组，治疗组（32例）在胸腔内注入DDP，白细胞介素-2，对照组（26例）在胸腔内注A．DDP，两组均在1周及2周后各重复注药1次，共3次，观察疗效，毒副反应及生活质量。结果：治疗组总有效率为84．4％，对照组57．7％，差异有显著性（P〈0．015）。治疗组Kamofsky评分〉70分者较对照组有显著提高（P〈0．05），两组在毒性反应上无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。结论：顺铂白介素-2胸腔灌注能有效控制恶性胸腔积液，毒副作用少，联合疗效肯定。     

对食品药品监管的博弈分析

食品药品安全关系到老百姓的切身利益,保证食品药品安全,政府监管起着重要的作用。本文运用博弈论的方法分析在政府监管过程中政府与生产者的博弈行为,为政府对食品药品生产企业进行有效监管提出了政策建议。     

西双版纳州人民医院2009年—2010年抗菌药物利用分析

目的:了解我院2009年—2010年抗菌药物的使用情况及发展趋势,为临床合理用药提供参考。方法:收集2009年—2010年我院抗菌药物使用资料,对销售金额及用药频度(DDDs)进行排序及统计分析。结果:我院抗菌药物销售金额比率较高,呈快速增长趋势;品种不断增加,以注射剂使用较多。头孢菌素类、青霉素类、喹诺酮类、β-内酰胺酶抑制剂及其复方制剂应用居前,且有增长的趋势。林可霉素类、大环内酯类应用有下降趋势。结论:我院抗菌药物使用率较高,应规范和加强抗菌药物应用管理。     

斑马鱼在人类疾病模型以及药物筛选中的应用

小鼠作为研究人类疾病的动物模型已被广泛使用,然而其在大规模遗传筛选和药物筛选方面受到诸多限制.斑马鱼作为典型的脊椎动物,在器官水平和细胞水平上与哺乳动物相似,而且胚胎和幼体的透明特性为实时观察提供了方便;其基因与人类有很高的同源性且易于进行基因操作,因而成为了研究人类疾病的理想动物模型.本文介绍了斑马鱼在人类疾病模型和药物 筛选中的研究概况.     

以胶体粒子为模板制备含磁药物胶囊

以低度交联的单分散三聚氰胺甲醛(M F)微球作为胶体模板,采用层层静电自组装技术,交替组装带正电的聚二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵(PDDA)和带负电的聚4-苯乙烯磺酸钠(PSS),得到具有核壳结构的复合微球,然后利用盐酸溶液将模板M F微球溶解,制得均匀的空腔胶囊。在N aC l浓度为0.7 m o l/L,pH<3时,将抗癌药物盐酸多柔米星(DOX)和磁流体同时封装到聚电解质胶囊中,可得到含磁药物胶囊,磁性粒子分散在胶囊的壳层和空腔内。该含磁药物胶囊具有良好的磁响应性和药物缓释性。     

Current status of research and application in vascular stents

Cardiovascular diseases have been the leading cause of death in modern society. Using vascular stents to treat these coronary and peripheral artery diseases has been one of the most effective and rapidly adopted medical interventions. During the twenty-five years＇ development of vascular stents, revolutionary cardiovascular stents like drug eluting stents and endothelial progenitor cells capture stents have emerged. In this review, the evolution of vascular stents is summarized, aiming to provide a glimpse into the future of vascular stents. Advanced designs, focusing on the investigations of new substrates, new platforms, new drugs and new biomolecules are currently under evaluation with promising clinical studies. The concept of ＂time sequence functional stent＂ has been raised in this paper. It presents anti-proliferative properties in the first phase after implantation and subsequently support endothelialization. It also shows long-term inertness without release of toxic ions or toxic degradation products. The success of this concept is briefly presented with a clinical study in this model stents.