双模板法同步诱导合成硒化汞微球和纳米颗粒

利用大葱生物膜内外有别的结构特性模拟生物矿化过程，在室温下同步诱导合成出颗粒状和球状两种不同形貌的硒化汞材料，前者尺寸约为200nm的大纳米颗粒，该产物可能是由尺寸约30nm的小纳米粒子组装而成；后者尺寸约为3μm的高度致密的带花边的实心圆球，该产物可能是自发生长或由直径约1μm的小球组装而成．其结构均为立方相，晶格常数为0．608nm．通过紫外可见光谱（UV—Vis）和荧光光谱（Fluorescence，FL）对产物的光学性质进行了研究．初步探讨了硒化汞的合成机理．     

Dialdehyde starch nanoparticles： Preparation and application in drub carrier

Dialdehyde starch nanoparticles (DASNP) were prepared by the redox reaction of NaIO4 and starch in water-in-oil microemulsion. IR spectrum showed that DASNP had aldehyde groups, and quantitative alkali consumption showed that its dialdehyde content was about (50±5)%. The average diameter of DASNP determined by SEM was about 100 nm. TGA-DTA showed that its thermal stability was better than starch nanoparticle (StNP) and dialdehyde starch (DAS). Its low biological toxicity was detected by cell experiment. Also the best mass ratio of doxorubicin (DOX) to combined DASNP detected by UV-VIS was 15 : 1, and the product was effective for controlled release of DOX. The cell experiment showed that the drug-carrier particle (DOX-DASNP) can release DOX for a long time and strengthened the effect of the anticancer drug. This work demonstrates that the DASNP, which has good thermal stability, small particle size, low biological toxicity, and slowly anticancer drug-releasing to strengthen drug effect, is a potentially useful carrier for anticancer drug.     

绣球形纳米氧化锌的制备及表征

采用水热法以硝酸锌为原料,尿素为沉淀剂,同时加入表面活性剂,来制备绣球形纳米氧化锌。用SEM对制备的绣球形纳米氧化锌进行表征,发现得到绣球形氧化锌是由片状氧化锌自组装而成。通过改变锌盐的浓度、尿素的含量、反应时间、反应温度等条件,研究了这些条件对所得产物形貌的影响,并探讨了绣球形氧化锌的形成机理。在温度为120℃、时间为3～5h、锌盐的浓度为1.2mol/L条件下得到片状纳米氧化锌。随着锌盐浓度的增加,这些纳米片自组装成了绣球形氧化锌。     

Two-dimensional self-organization of 1-nonanethiol-capped gold nanoparticles

A two-dimensional (2D) ordered hexagonal close-packed structure, formed by 1-nonanethiol-capped gold nanoparticles, is reported. The structure was constructed only by dipping the gold nanoparticle colloidal solution on flat substrate. The gold nanoparticles were synthesized as follows: First, AuCl₄^-1 was transferred from aqueous solution to toluene by the phase-transfer reagent of tetraoctylammonium bromide. Then it was reduced with aqueous sodium borohydride in the presence of a given amount of 1-nonanethiol molecules which was used to control the nucleation and growth of the gold nanoparticles for the desired size. The experimental techniques, such as UV-Vis, FT-IR, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), were employed to characterize the obtained product. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurement demonstrated the size of the gold nanoparticle and the formation of two-dimensional ordered hexagonal close-packed gold nanoparticle structure.     

微过氧化物酶-11在SiO2纳米粒子修饰玻碳电极上的电化学研究

采用简单的方法将微过氧化物酶-11（MP-11）固定到二氧化硅（SiO2）纳米粒子的表面,并且制备成MP-11/SiO2/GC修饰电极,运用循环伏安法研究MP-11/SiO2/GC电极上MP-11的电化学行为。结果表明：MP-11在玻碳修饰电极上发生了直接的、可逆的2个电子、1个质子的电化学反应。MP-11/SiO2/GC修饰电极可以对氧气进行电催化反应,并且该电催化过程受扩散控制,这样该修饰电极有希望在酶生物燃料电池中作阴极使用。另外,MP-11/SiO2/GC修饰电极对过氧化氢（H2O2）的电催化反应表现出传感器的性能,在线性范围内,信噪比为3时,最低检出限为0.22mmol/L,米氏常数为0.13mmol/L,说明SiO2载体上的酶MP-11与底物H2O2的亲和力较大,对H2O2电催化反应效率高。因此,未来MP-11/SiO2/GC修饰电极也有可能在H2O2传感器中得到广泛的应用。     

纳米羟基磷灰石的制备及其吸附性能

以硝酸钙和磷酸二氢铵为原料用共沉淀法制备纳米羟基磷灰石(HA)，采用X射线衍射、透射电子显微镜、热重．差示扫描量热等手段对样品形态结构进行表征．结果表明，制备的六方晶型纳米羟基磷灰石长轴约为60nm，短轴约为20nm，粒径均匀且分散性较好．该文还研究了纳米HA对Ag^ 的吸附性能．     

表面活性剂及大分子作为纳米粒子制备模板的研究新进展

分析了表面活性剂、大分子以及表面活性剂-大分子复合体系在纳米粒子制备中的应用.研究表明,表面活性剂形成的胶束结构、大分子或表面活性剂和大分子形成的有序体均可以作为软模板,在制备纳米粒子中发挥模板作用和稳定保护作用.     

新型银-二氧化硅核-壳型复合纳米粒子的合成与表征

利用正四甲氧基硅在微乳液介质中的水解反应合成新型银 -二氧化硅核 -壳型复合纳米粒子 .通过化学反应调控 ,直径为 5～ 1 0 nm的金属银纳米粒子可以以单核或多核形式嵌入并分布于球型二氧化硅粒子中 .透射电子显微镜照片表明 ,该复合粒子具有高度均匀的粒径分布 .     

羟基磷灰石／壳聚糖复合材料对六价铬离子的吸附性能研究

用共沉淀法制备了羟基磷灰石及羟基磷灰石／壳聚糖复合材料,用SEM、XRD等对其结构进行了表征,研究了羟基磷灰石与壳聚糖复合后结构和吸附性能的变化．结果表明,与壳聚糖复合后,羟基磷灰石的结构和晶型没有发生变化,但颗粒的分散性能提高了;复合材料中羟基磷灰石和壳聚糖有机地结合在一起,其对Cr^6＋的吸附性能优于纯羟基磷灰石．     

极低逾渗阈值的导电聚苯胺纳米复合膜

直接将改进的微乳液聚合法合成的纳米聚苯胺分别与聚乙烯醇和聚丙烯酰胺进行溶液共混复合,浇铸成纳米聚苯胺复合膜,研究了聚苯胺的加入量对复合膜的电导率的影响.所得复合膜的电导率符合逾渗规律,且导电膜的逾渗阈值极低,为0.04%左右,其中PVA纳米复合膜出现了双逾渗行为.加入极少量的聚苯胺即可使膜的导电率发生突跃,使其从绝缘体转变成半导体或导体.逾渗阈值下的复合膜不仅力学性能良好,而且透明性接近于纯基体膜,当膜中的聚苯胺质量分数为0.1%时,PVA复合膜对300～700 nm波长的可见光的透过率为70%～84%.