Multifunctional to multistage delivery systems: The evolution of nanoparticles for biomedical applications

Nanomaterials are advancing in several directions with significant progress being achieved with respect to their synthesis, functionalization and biomedical application. In this review, we will describe several classes of prototypical nanocarriers, such as liposomes, silicon particles, and gold nanoshells, in terms of their individual function as well as their synergistic use. Active and passive targeting, photothermal ablation, and drug controlled release constitute some of the crucial functions identified to achieve a medical purpose. Current limitations in targeting, slow clearance, and systemic as well as local toxicity are addressed in reference to the recent studies that attempted to comprehend and solve these issues. The demand for a more sophisticated understanding of the impact of nanomaterials on the body and of their potential immune response underlies this discussion. Combined components are then discussed in the setting of multifunctional nanocarriers, a class of drug delivery systems we envisioned, proposed, and evolved in the last 5 years. In particular, our third generation of nanocarriers, the multistage vectors, usher in the new field of nanomedicine by combining several components onto multifunctional nanocarriers characterized by emerging properties and able to achieve synergistic effects.     

Electrospun Nanofibers of Hydroxyapatite/Collagen/Chitosan Promote Osteogenic Differentiation of BMSCs

Bone tissue engineering, aiming at developing bone substitutes for repair and regeneration of bone defects instead of using autologous bone grafts, has attracted wide attention in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Developing biomimetic biomaterial scaffolds able to regulate osteogenic differentiation of stem cells could be a promising strategy to improve the therapeutic efficacy. In this study, clectrospun composite nanofibers of hydroxyapatite/collagen/chitosan （ HAp/Col/CTS ） resembling the fibrous nanostructure and constituents of the hierarchically organized natural bone, were prepared to investigate their capacity for promoting bone mesenchymal stem cells （BMSCs） to differentiate into the osteogenic lineage in the absence and presence of the osteogenlc supplementation, respectively. Call morphology, proliferation and quantified specific osteogenic protein expression on the electrospun HAp/Coi/CTS scaffolds were evaluated in comparison with different controls including dectrospun nanofibrous CTS, HAp/CTS and tissue culture plate. Our remits showed that the nanofibrous HAp/Col/CTS scaffolds supported better spreading and proliferation of the BMSCs than other substrates （ P 〈 0.01 ）. Expressions of osteogenesis protein markers, alkaline phosphatase （ALP） and Col, were significantly upregulated on the HAp/Col/CTS than those on the CTS （P 〈0.01） and HAp/ CTS （P 〈 0. 05 ） scaffolds in the absence of the osteogeulc supplementation. Moreover, presence of osteogeulc supplementation also proved to enhance osteogeule differentiation of BMSCs on HAp/ Col/CTS scaffolds, indicative of a synergistic effect. This study highlights the potential of BMSCs/HAp/Col/CTS cell-scaffold system for functional bone repair and regeneration applications.     

“埃米妇康”女士凝胶抗菌器治疗阴道炎等107例观察

探讨纳米银抗菌器治疗阴道炎、宫颈糜烂的疗效。用抗菌器将纳米银凝胶注入阴道深部,六天一个疗程。结果显示,阴道炎56例,治愈率89.3%,有效率96.4%;冶疗宫颈糜烂51例,总有效率为84.3%,其中治疗轻度宫颈糜烂有效率为94.7%,中度宫颈糜烂有效率81.5%,对单纯型宫颈糜烂有效率为100%。纳米银抗菌器对阴道炎,轻、中度宫颈糜烂及单纯型宫颈糜烂有很好的疗效。     

Microstructural evolution of hybrid aluminum matrix composites reinforced with SiC nanoparticles and graphene/graphite prepared by powder metallurgy

The dispersion of ceramic nanoparticles is of significance to the microstructure and properties of particulate reinforced metal matrix composites.In this study,two hybrid enhancers,SiC-graphite and SiC-graphene nanosheets(GNSs),were incorporated into aluminum matrix composites using powder metallurgy.The dispersion of the reinforcements and microstructural evolution of the composites were characterized by using Scanning Electron Microscopy,X-Ray Diffraction,Transmission Electron Microscopy,and Raman spectroscopy.The results show that thin GNSs accelerated the deformation of the aluminum particles,and defects were introduced into the carbonaceous phases during the ball milling process.Al_4 C_3 needles generated during hot pressing,and were observed to bridge the aluminum grains.Compared with graphite,GNSs were more uniformly dispersed throughout the composite,which in turn restrained grain growth.As a result,a nanostructured composite(57.7 nm) was successfully produced upon the addition of SiC-GNSs.     

水性聚氨酯/纳米羟基磷灰石复合材料的制备和表征

以聚乙二醇、聚己内酯二元醇为软缎,赖氨酸为扩链剂,和异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯采用丙酮法合成了固含量为10%的水性聚氨酯(WPU)乳液.并采用物理共混法,与纳米羟基磷灰石(nHA)物理混合,制备了WPU/nHA复合材料.通过X射线衍射(XRD),拉伸测试,接触角和吸水率测试,对复合材料薄膜的结构和性能做了表征和讨论.     

铁铝氧化物纳米粒子对土壤有机碳矿化作用的影响

目的:了解纳米Fe2O3和纳米Al2O3颗粒对土壤有机碳分解矿化作用的影响.方法:以若尔盖高寒草甸土为研究对象,采用室内培养实验方法,测定不同纳米材料对土壤呼吸强度的影响.结果:在一个培养试验周期内,添加Al2O3纳米颗粒后土壤呼吸作用增强,添加Fe2O3纳米粒子的土壤呼吸作用变化不明显;随纳米材料加入量增加,土壤呼吸强度的变化无显著差异;结论:Al2O3纳米粒子能够一定程度增强土壤有机碳分解矿化作用,Fe2O3纳米粒子对土壤有机碳分解矿化作用的影响不大.     

低温固相法制备ZnSe纳米粒子

结合最新科研成果设计了低温固相法制备ZnSe纳米粒子的实验,并采用XRD,TEM,Uv-vis分光光度计对样品进行了分析。通过上述实验构建了无机合成-结构鉴定-结构与性能关系的综合性实验课程,课程内容实用性和可操作性强,涵盖的知识面广并与现实生活紧密结合,有利于提高学生的积极性,培养创新能力及科研精神。     

纯钛表面微弧氧化和水热处理的研究

 在电压400 V下对钛试样进行微弧氧化(MAO)处理,之后再分组进行水热处理0、4、8和12 h,用扫描电镜观察试样表面形貌,内置能谱仪分析表面元素组成,X射线衍射仪分析表面的晶相,手持式粗糙度仪检测表面粗糙度。结果发现MAO处理后,试样表面出现蜂窝状的多孔结构,孔呈火山口状;其氧化膜组成主要是金红石型二氧化钛和锐钛矿型二氧化钛。水热处理的表面生成更多晶体,其组成元素主要是Ti、Ca、P和O;水热处理12 h的膜层的钙磷比与骨的接近,X射线衍射图谱也提示随水热处理时间的延长,HA生成量增多。MAO处理组前后粗糙度有统计学差异,而不同水热处理时间组,粗糙度没有统计学差异。     

A fractal model for the effective thermal conductivity of nanoparticle suspensions

Extending the effective medium approximation with the fractal theory for describing nanoparticle clusters and their radius distribution, a predictive model is proposed for the effective thermal conductivity of nanoparticle suspension, combined with the consideration of size effect and surface adsorption effect of nanoparticles.The predicted effective thermal conductivity of nanoparticle suspension is consistent with experimental data in the dilute limit.     

不同术式Ⅰ期植入羟基磷灰石义眼座临床观察

采用巩膜开窗植入、巩膜腔内直接植入及巩膜后肌锥内植入3种手术方式进行I期植入羟基磷灰石义眼座,并追踪观察其临床效果.巩膜开窗植入60例均无义眼座排斥反应;巩膜腔内直接植入22例中8例出现程度不同的义眼座外露等排斥现象;巩膜后肌锥内植入10例中均无排斥反应,但术后2例出现球后血肿,6例较长时间存在结膜囊分泌物.表明巩膜开窗植入羟基磷灰石义眼座临床效果满意.