Prevention of peroxynitrite-dependent damage by carnosine and related sulphonamido pseudodipeptides

The naturally occurring dipeptides carnosine and anserine have been proposed to act as antioxidants in vivo. We investigated whether these compounds can act as protective agents able to counteract peroxynitrite-dependent reactions. The results showed that the dipeptides efficiently protect tyrosine against nitration, α₁-antiproteinase against inactivation and human low-density lipoprotein against modification by peroxynitrite. Carnosine exerts its protective effect at concentrations similar to those found in human tissues. In addition, some synthetic pseudodipeptides, stucturally related to carnosine but stable to hydrolytic enzymes, possess protective properties against peroxynitrite-dependent damage similar to the natural dipeptides. These pseudodipeptides may represent stable mimics of the biologically active carnosine suitable for pharmacological applications. Received 9 November 2001; received after revision 19 December 2001; accepted 15 January 2002     

Hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical involvement in the activation of caspase-3 in chemically induced apoptosis of HL-60 cells

Apoptosis of HL-60 cells induced by actinomycin D, H7, or daunorubicin was shown to involve the activation of caspase-3-like protease, 2 h after the addition of these drugs, based on microassay of enzyme activity by high-performance liquid chromatography. Catalase and a spin trap, N-t-butyl--phenylnitrone, which effectively inhibited the apoptosis induced by these drugs, also inhibited the activation of caspase-3-like protease. These results suggest that hydrogen peroxide and the hydroxyl radical are common mediators of caspase-3 activation caused by these chemicals, with apparently different functional mechanisms. Based on mitochondrial activity determined by oxygen consumption, complexes I, II, and IV were inhibited by actinomycin D. H7 inhibited complexes I and IV, 1 and 1.5 h respectively, after the addition of the drug to HL-60 cells. Daunorubicin inhibited complex IV, 1.5 h after the addition of the drug to HL-60 cells. Inhibition of complex IV by actinomycin D, H7, and daunorubicin were almost fully restored by the addition of cytochrome c. The release to the cytosol of cytochrome c by these drugs was also demonstrated by Western blot analysis. Addition of catalase inhibited the depression of complex IV activity induced by actinomycin D and H7. These observations indicate a direct relationship between hydrogen peroxide and the release of cytochrome c during apoptosis caused by actinomycin D, H7, and daunorubicin. Received 24 November 2000; received after revision 2 January 2001; accepted 30 January 2001     

不同水稻品种耐旱性比较研究

试验结果表明,湘早籼24号无论是游离脯氨酸含量,还是根冠比和结实率明显高于早优8号和南集1号等10个品种,每穗实粒数和结实率均超过CK品种巴西陆稻,说明湘早籼24号具有较强的耐旱性。     

转轨期对经营者监督的博弈分析

分析了股东“搭便车”行为 ,并结合我国转轨期的实际 ,指出“搭便车”导致内部监督不足和经营者侵害股东利益的现象严重 .针对这一问题 ,本文提出了两个解决途径 :一是鼓励法人股东持股以增加股权集中度 ,发挥大股东的作用 ,从而增加监督服务的供给 ;二是进一步完善市场监督机制和加强政府的监督力度     

自由漂浮柔性双臂空间机器人动力学分数阶控制

针对自由漂浮柔性双臂空间机器人,双臂的弹性变形采用假设模态法近似描述,高阶弹性振动模态忽略,采用拉格朗日方程结合系统动量守恒,建立闭链系统的动力学方程。采用分数阶控制方法分别控制目标位置和末端执行器内力。分数阶控制器与整数阶控制器对比,可以改善动态响应性能,提高抗干扰能力和增强鲁棒性。数值仿真结果表明这种方法的有效性。     

金属中自由电子气的压强

指出了相关文献的不足,并给出了更全面的金属中自由电子气的压强公式．     

原子转移自由基聚合制备含氟嵌段共聚物及其性能

利用原子转移自由基聚合（ATRP）的方法,合成了设定相对分子质量和化学结构、窄分子量分布的甲基丙烯酸甲酯（MMA）和含氟单体丙烯酸全氟烷基乙茯酯（FLUWET）的两嵌段共聚物,利用氢谱、氟谱、GPC、FT－IR及氟无互分析法（F－EA）表征其结构,用接触角测量法研究嵌段共聚物的表面性质。     

沙鼠作为衰老实验动物模型的探索

沙鼠常应用于老年医学研究。测定青年沙鼠和老年沙鼠肝中超氧化物歧化酶、丙二醛、脑中单胺氧化酶、皮肤中羟脯氨酸、尿中 17-酮类固醇并比较其差别。老年沙鼠肝中超氧化物歧化酶活性 ,尿中 17-酮类固醇及皮肤中羟脯氨酸的含量较青年沙鼠低 ,肝中丙二醛、脑内单胺氧化酶B活性较青年沙鼠高。沙鼠年龄变化与大鼠、小鼠相似 ,在某些情况下可作为衰老实验动物模型     

毛细管气相色谱法分析低加成数脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚分子量分布

采用石英毛细管色谱柱、程序升温、FID检测,较好的分离了各种低加成数脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚(AEO)样品中的各组分;并用GC-MS进行了样品中组分的定性,并用峰面积归一化法进行了组分的定量,较准确地计算样品中游离脂肪醇质量分数及分子量分布.该方法简便、准确、快速.     

无机阻燃剂锑化合物的阻燃机理及其应用的研究

分析了无机阻燃剂化合物有阻燃机理,对几种阻燃剂的阻燃效果进行了实验,结果表明：阻燃剂的阻燃效果与其分解和释放出活性因素的难量程序有关,给出了同增效阻燃剂的最佳摩尔比。