稳态奥氏体合金的氢致软化

本文通过拉伸、室温蠕变及透射电镜观察，研究了稳态奥氏体合金的氢致软化现 象。确认稳态奥氏体合金中存在氢致软化，充氢改变位错组态和氢的运动是产生氢致软 化的原因之一。     

Correlations for the ignition delay times of hydrogen/air mixtures

Correlations for the ignition delay times of hydrogen/air mixtures were developed using the method of High Dimensional Model Representation (HDMR).The hydrogen/air ignition delay times for initial conditions over a wide range of temperatures from 800 to 1600 K,pressures from 0.1 to 100 atm,and equivalence ratios from 0.2 to 10 were first calculated utilizing the full chemical mechanism.Correlations were then developed based on these ignition delay times.Two forms of correlations were constructed:the first one is an overall general model covering the whole range of the initial conditions;while the second one is a piecewise correlation model valid for initial conditions within different sub-domains.The performance of these correlations was studied through comparison with results from the full chemical mechanism as well as experimental data.It was shown that these correlations work well over the whole range of initial conditions and that the accuracy can be significantly improved by using different piecewise correlations for different sub-domains.Therefore,piecewise correlations can be used as an effective replacement for the full mechanism when the prediction of chemical time scale is needed in certain combustion modeling.     

生物质焦油的催化脱除及气化气制氢

结合作者在依阿华州立大学可持续环境技术中心的合作科研，介绍了生物质气化、焦油的催化转化及制氢的实验结果。生物质焦油的催化脱除，由一个保护床和转化反应器组成的高温催化气体净化装置完成；生物质气化气要实现高氢浓度的转化，需要通过水煤气变换反应将CO转化为H2。     

托卡马克中氢原子密度分布的模拟

采用Monte-Carlo方法,模拟了CT-6B托卡马克中氢原子的输运过程,考虑了弹性碰撞、电荷交换和碰撞电离等过程,得到了CT-6B中氢原子密度的径向分布,并与实验结果进行了比较.     

高性能烧结NdFeB磁体的制备技术

采用鳞片铸锭、氢爆加气流磨制粉、脉冲场振动取向加橡皮模等静压成型等改进的技术在工业生产线上成功制造了N52高性能烧结NdFeB磁体. 用X射线衍射仪、光学金相显微镜、透射电镜和扫描电镜研究了磁体的结构;用磁强自动记录仪测量了磁体的退磁曲线. 实验结果表明,Nd29.0Pr0.5Ga0.2Fe69.1Nb0.2B1.0磁体室温磁性能达到Br=1.457 T, Hci=1 097 kA·m-1, (BH)max=409 kJ·m-3,且磁体的均匀性和一致性较好.     

Discussion of gas enrichment mechanism and natural gas origin in marine sedimentary basin,China

There are abundant natural gas resources in Chinese marine sedimentary basin. The exploration hot shots of natural gas are the Palaeozoic marine strata here in recent years, and several large scale gas fields have been discovered. Chinese Palaeozoic high-post matured and coal measure hydrocarbon source rocks are mainly prone to gas generation in the present. This research considered that gas source rocks and TSR are the key cause of gas enrichment of marine strata. High-quality argillaceous and coal measure hydrocarbon rocks are distributed widely in the Palaeozoic marine strata, which have been in highly matured phase in the present. The argillaceous source rock generally contains various sulfates that could accelerate crude oil cracking to gas for TSR occurrence, and coal measure source rock mainly generates gas, so Chinese marine basin gives priority to accumulating gas. Marine strata have not founded oil reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin and Ordos Basin, and they consist mainly of dry gas. Marine natural gases are the mixed gases of oil cracking gas and coal-formed gas in a general way, oil cracking gases contain usually some H2S and CO2. Hydrocarbon carbon isotopes are very complicated, and methane and ethane isotopic values bear apparent reversal caused by thermal evolution and mixing among different genetic types of natural gas. Coal-formed gases are the main component of Chinese marine natural gas. The Upper Permian of the Sichuan Basin and the Carboniferous-Permian of the Ordos Basin coal measure hydrocarbon source rock present large hydrocarbon generation potential, which are the prospecting highlight of marine natural gas hereafter. Oil cracking gas exploration will be paid much attention to in the Tarim Basin because of the lack of coal measure hydrocarbon source rock.     

二苯甲酰甲烷席夫碱过渡金属配合物的制备及仿酶催化活性研究

利用溶液法合成二苯甲酰甲烷席夫碱过渡金属配合物,用紫外、红外、热重分析方法对目标产物进行结构表征与确认,以过氧化氢残余率为指标,分析催化剂种类、催化剂与过氧化氢配比、反应温度、溶液酸度对催化反应的影响,研究该配合物作为模拟过氧化氢酶,对过氧化氢分解的催化性能。结果确定出配合物仿酶催化剂催化分解过氧化氢反应的最佳条件为:二苯甲酰甲烷缩苯丙氨酸席夫碱镍配合物催化性能最好,当其浓度为1.0×10-5mol/L时,控制过氧化氢浓度为0.05mol/L,温度55℃,溶液的pH值为8。配合物仿酶催化剂催化分解过氧化氢反应符合一级反应特征。     

生物滴滤法去除硫化氢与苯乙酸混合废气

采用填充ZX03型填料的生物滴滤塔处理H2S与C6H5CH2COOH的混合制药废气。主要考察了不同进气浓度比例下H2S与C6H5CH2 COOH的去除效率，不同流量下的压力损失及气体停留时间对去除率的影响。结果表明：随着H2S与C6H5CH2COOH进气浓度比例的提高，H2S的去除率均保持在95％以上，C6H5CH2 COOH的去除率逐渐下降。当H2S与C6H5CH2COOH的进气质量浓度分别为P（H2S）〈400mg／m^3与ρ（C6H5CH2COOH）〈800mg／m^3，其最佳气体停留时间为30s。该生物滴滤塔压力损失小，无堵塞现象，可长期稳定运行。     

营养液组份检测与控制系统的设计与实现

将动态矩阵控制引入营养液组份控制领域，并提出一种“模型改造”的方法：将激励信号引入非自衡对象，使其变为一阶稳定系统．试验结果表明：动态矩阵控制可以将营养液中的各组份浓度控制在设定值．     

双氧水氧化废轮胎胶粉在改性沥青中的应用

采用双氧水对废轮胎胶粉进行表面氧化改性,将氧化改性胶粉用于制备胶粉改性沥青.通过XPS表征证明氧化改性胶粉表面的C—O和C=O的含量显著增加.通过多因素正交试验方法研究氧化剂用量、氧化温度及氧化时间对胶粉改性沥青的25,℃针入度、软化点和5,℃延度等主要性能指标的影响.运用极差分析法和方差分析法探讨了各影响因素对改性沥青性能的敏感性,发现氧化温度对改性沥青性能指标的影响最大,并提出了胶粉氧化改性的最佳反应条件为:氧化剂用量10,m L,氧化温度80,℃,氧化时间3,h.氧化胶粉改性沥青在不使用界面改性剂的条件下,能够使5,℃延度提高到11.6,cm,主要性能指标达到美国废轮胎胶粉改性沥青标准,说明废轮胎胶粉的表面氧化能够显著提高胶粉与沥青的界面结合强度.