条形不耦合平面布药技术在硐室爆破中的应用

为了研究条形药包硐室爆破在复杂环境下的应用问题,首先分析了条形药包的作用机理,根据已有硐室爆破平面药包布设的半理论丰经验公式,建立了条形药包平面布设数学模型。并通过工程实例将条形药包布设理论运用于平面布药实践,缩短了平面布设条形药包的设计周期。研究表明,在山体爆破中采用条形不耦合平面布药技术能显著提高有效松动率,降低大块率,减少二次爆破量。同时也减小了爆破振动对周边环境的破坏影响。     

基础隔震结构的能量反应分析

文章通过建立有隔震和无隔震的4层框架结构的分析模型,对其分别输入3条典型的地震波进行地震能量反应分析,结果表明隔震结构能较好地满足能量方程;适当降低隔震支座屈服强度对于保护上部结构更加有利;地震波的能量持时和卓越周期对结构地震能量反应具有重大影响。     

Observations of water-flea Daphnia magna and avian fecalia in rock pools: is traditional natural history reporting still relevant for science?

Unexpected observation of freshwater invertebrate Daphnia magna in temporary rock pools on a small island off the Norwegian Atlantic coast confirms colonising ability, mediated through avian dispersal. Robust diapausal eggs of D. magna pass the gut of migrating geese and subsequently hatch in environments where such waterfowl forage and rest along migrating routes. The incubation experiment demonstrates that decomposing fecalia of geese constitute sufficient feed to support developing populations of D. magna in experimental oligotrophic conditions. The findings also show that D. magna is highly adapted for colonisation of temporary pools north of the Arctic Polar Circle, with excellent tolerance to low temperatures. Discussion part I relates the findings to published evidence on avian transport of invertebrate propagules, such as correlations between migration patterns of waterfowl and geographical patterns of aquatic invertebrate diversity. Discussion part II reflects on academic cultures, epistemological aspects of natural history reporting, the presence of a whale cadaver as an ecological indicator and the relevance of simple observation as a starting point for further discourse.     

耗散介观电子谐振腔的量子kirchhoff方程与量子能谱

基于电荷离散化的事实,实现对耗散介观电子谐振腔的量子化.运用Heisenberg运动方程给出体系的量子kirchhoff方程;通过求解体系Hamilton算符的本征值方程分析和研究体系的量子能谱性质.结果表明,量子回路方程、量子能谱均与电荷的量子性质有关.     

二甲醚HCCI发动机微量排放物的研究

根据优化气相色谱仪工作条件,对二甲醚均质充量压燃(HCCI)发动机排气中的甲醛和甲酸甲酯进行了检测.通过二甲醚简化反应机理与Fluent的耦合联算,以及结合Woschni传热模型和DME详细反应机理的Chemkin反应动力学数值模拟,对二甲醚HCCI发动机的燃烧过程及其微量排放物(甲醛、甲酸和甲酸甲酯)进行了预测分析.结果表明:在一定条件下,甲醛、甲酸和甲酸甲酯存在于排气中,其排放量均随过量空气系数的减小而减小,发动机转速、进气温度和压力对其影响也很大.     

电动汽车用电池管理系统的研究

在大量动力电池充放电动态响应试验研究的基础上,研制了电动汽车动力电池在线监测系统.系统以MC9S12DP256B微控制器为核心,实时监测电池电压、电流和温度等信息;利用电池的电压模型、安时平衡模型,模糊控制模型估算荷电状态;通过CAN和多能源管理系统进行通信;将电池的状态信息保存于EEPROM中.试验结果表明:该管理系统对车用管式铅酸电池荷电状态的预测具有较高的精度.     

Kant on anatomy and the status of the life sciences

This paper contributes to recent interest in Kant's engagement with the life sciences by focusing on one corner of those sciences that has received comparatively little attention: physical and comparative anatomy. By attending to remarks spread across Kant's writings, we gain some insight into Kant's understanding of the disciplinary limitations but also the methodological sophistication of the study of anatomy and physiology. Insofar as Kant highlights anatomy as a paradigmatic science guided by the principle of teleology in the Critique of the Power of Judgment, a more careful study of Kant's discussions of anatomy promises to illuminate some of the obscurities of that text and of his understanding of the life sciences more generally. In the end, it is argued, Kant's ambivalence with regard to anatomy gives way to a pessimistic conclusion about the possibility that anatomy, natural history, and, by extension, the life sciences more generally might one day become true natural sciences.     

拟真世界与客体策略——鲍德里亚的技术决定论及启示

鲍德里亚的后现代理论是一种典型的技术决定论,他构建了一个由模型、符码所生成的拟真世界,在那里DNA和0/1数字具有了本体论意义。在高科技的世界里,主体失去了丰富而多样的存在,成为技术的创造物和附属物。伴随着主体衰落而产生的是客体的兴盛与强大,客体世界开始控制并主宰着人类社会的运行。鲍德里亚由此提出一种消极的宿命论,即客体系统自身发展到完美、极致,并在顶点上自动内爆、反转。鲍德里亚的理论对于我们反思日益频繁的自然灾害和技术危机、对于重新考量人与自然、技术之间关系提供了有益的启示。     

From aether impulse to QED: Sommerfeld and the Bremsstrahlen theory

The radiation that is due to the braking of charged particles has been in the focus of theoretical physics since the discovery of X-rays by the end of the 19th century. The impact of cathode rays in the anti-cathode of an X-ray tube that resulted in the production of X-rays led to the view that X-rays are aether impulses spreading from the site of the impact. In 1909, Arnold Sommerfeld calculated from Maxwell׳s equations the angular distribution of electromagnetic radiation due to the braking of electrons. He thereby coined the notion of “Bremsstrahlen.” In 1923, Hendrik A. Kramers provided a quantum theoretical explanation of this process by means of Bohr׳s correspondence principle. With the advent of quantum mechanics the theory of bremsstrahlung became a target of opportunity for theorists like Yoshikatsu Sugiura, Robert Oppenheimer, and–again–Sommerfeld, who presented in 1931 a comprehensive treatise on this subject. Throughout the 1930s, Sommerfeld׳s disciples in Munich and elsewhere extended and improved the bremsstrahlen theory. Hans Bethe and Walter Heitler, in particular, in 1934 presented a theory that was later regarded as “the most important achievement of QED in the 1930s” (Freeman Dyson). From a historical perspective the bremsstrahlen problem may be regarded as a probe for the evolution of theories in response to revolutionary changes in the underlying principles.     

基于FLOWMASTER的制冷剂充注量对制冷系统性能影响的仿真研究

在分析制冷系统作用及基本原理的基础上,使用一维流体系统仿真软件FLOWMASTER的元件库建立了制冷系统仿真模型.用能量方程、动量方程和连续性方程联舍起来进行耦合求解,得到系统的温度和压力分布,进而得到流速及换热量等其它参数.在此基础上研究了制冷剂充注量对制冷系统性能的影响,得出了制冷量及COP（Coefficient of Performance,性能系数）随充注量变化的曲线,提出制冷剂的充注量要以制冷量达到设计要求时,系统的COP达到最大为原则.