<Emphasis Type="Italic">Drosophila melanogaster</Emphasis> innate immunity: an emerging role for peptidoglycan recognition proteins in bacteria detection

Over the past years, parallel studies conducted in mammals and flies have emphasized the existence of common mechanisms regulating the vertebrate and invertebrate innate immune systems. This culminated in the discovery of the central role of the Toll pathway in Drosophila immunity and in the implication of Toll-like receptors (TLRs)/interleukin-1(IL-1) in the mammalian innate immune response. In spite of clear similarities, such as shared intracellular pathway components, important divergences are expected between the two groups, whose last common ancestor lived more than half a billion years ago. The most obvious discrepancies lie in the mode of activation of the signalling receptors by microorganisms. In mammals, TLRs are part of protein complexes which directly recognize microbe-associated patterns, whereas Drosophila Toll functions like a classical cytokine receptor rather than a pattern recognition receptor. Recent studies demonstrate that members of the evolutionarily conserved peptidoglycan recognition protein family play an essential role in microbial sensing during immune response of Drosophila.Received 26 June 2003; received after revision 29 July 2003; accepted 25 August 2003     

基于SVC的变电站中电磁辐射测试分析

安装新型静态无功补偿器(SVC)的变电站,其电磁兼容环境需要重新评估,以提出足够的电磁抗扰性措施。应用电磁场天线和光纤传输等技术,对4个不同类型的SVC变电站进行了现场测试和分析,结果表明SVC的高频电磁辐射集中在10kHz至3.5MHz,最大辐射强度为磁场0.87A/m和电场114V/m。将测量数据与当前国际电工委员会的IEC61000-4系列电磁兼容标准进行了相关比较,针对基于SVC的电磁辐射干扰提出两项抗扰性试验的具体改进建议。初步理论分析指出,晶闸管阀的开关特性和SVC结构的杂散参数是产生高频辐射干扰(谐波以上)的主要原因。     

Transgene for growth hormone in common carp（Cyprinus carpio L.） promotes thymus development

The transgenic carp were produced by micro-injection of CAgcGHc into the fertilized eggs. Observation of the thymus development between the transgenics and non- transgenic controls was carried out. The thymus of one-year- old transgenics F1 showed a great increase in both size and weight. The unilateral thymus of the transgenics weighed from 190 to 295 mg with average 218.6 mg, whereas the uni-lateral thymus of the controls weighed 20—81 mg with av-erage 42.5 mg; i.e. the thymus weight in the transgenics was 5.14 fold over that in the controls. The index of thymus/body weight in the transgenics was 2.97 fold over the controls. Light microscopy observation indicated that the thymus of the transgenics well developed with the thickened outer re-gion and compactly arranged thymocytes, while the thymus in the controls were degenerating with the thinned outer region, scattered thymocytes and groups of fatty cells. Fur-ther analysis with the electron microscopy revealed that pro-liferous cells in the transgenics were mainly small lympho-cytes and no pathological changes were found. The results confirmed that the 揂ll-fish?GH-transgene promotes thy-mus development and thymocyte proliferation, and retards thymus degeneration. The study has laid a foundation for further analysis of the immunobiological function in GH- transgenic carp.     

樱桃谷雏鸭血清蛋白电泳分析——大肠杆菌灭活苗免疫前后球蛋白的动态变化研究

本试验将1日龄樱桃谷雏鸭57只随机分成三组,对照组、免疫Ⅰ组和免疫Ⅱ组.每组19只.免疫Ⅰ组于第3、4、5周龄时各用鸡大肠杆菌灭活油乳剂苗作颈部皮下注射,剂量依次为2头份/只、3头份/只、4头份/只.免疫Ⅱ组于第3周龄时作颈部皮下注射,剂量为2头份/只.对照组及各免疫组每周采血一次,按常规作血清蛋白电泳分析.结果,樱桃谷雏鸭血清蛋白经电泳后可分离出6条蛋白区带.免疫Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组鸭经首免后1周,γ球蛋白升高,与对照组比较,P<0.01,差异高度显著.免疫Ⅰ组经第二、三次加强免疫后第1周、第2周,与对熙组及免疫Ⅱ组比较,β和γ球蛋白均升高,P<0.01或P<0.05,差异高度显著或显著.对照组鸭在第3周龄后,血清蛋白各组分含量保持相对稳定.     

抗坏血酸对家禽生产性能和免疫的影响

抗坏血酸能明显提高家禽在应激状态下的增重、饮料转化率、产蛋率、蛋壳质量、繁殖性能和免疫力。添加抗坏血酸对提高养鸡生产是有益的。     

小鼠口服猪卵透明带DNA避孕疫苗pVAX1-pZP3a的抗生育研究

目的：评价口服卵透明带DNA避孕疫苗pVAX1-pZP3a壳聚糖纳米微粒诱发的黏膜免疫反应、抗生育作用和对卵巢结构的影响，探讨用黏膜免疫避免卵透明带抗原免疫引起卵巢功能紊乱的可行性。方法：制备pVAX1-pzP3a壳聚糖纳米微粒，10只昆明系小鼠口服免疫，第3周和第6周分别加强免疫一次，剂量为O．5ml／只，含pVAXl-PZP3aDNA 50μg；对照组10只雌小鼠口服相同剂量不含pVAX1-pZP3a的壳聚糖。免疫前和免疫后隔周取小鼠血清、阴道冲洗液，用ELIASA法检测抗pzP3 IgA和IgG。首次免疫后第12周雌雄合笼交配，统计雌鼠怀孕情况；解剖取出双侧卵巢，制作石蜡切片，光镜观察卵巢病理学变化。结果：免疫组80％小鼠的血清和50％小鼠的阴道冲洗液可检测到抗pzP3 IgA，反应强度与持续时间有明显的个体差异；免疫组5只小鼠未怀孕，对照组全部怀孕，抗生育效果与合笼时抗pzP3 IgA反应有关；免疫组未怀孕小鼠卵巢组织结构与免疫组怀孕小鼠及对照组小鼠无差别。结论：口服pVAX1-pZP3a壳聚糖纳米微粒免疫小鼠能诱发生殖道黏膜免疫反应，发挥抗生育作用，对卵巢组织结构没有影响。黏膜免疫是克服卵透明带抗原免疫引起卵巢功能紊乱的一种值得深入研究的方法。     

孔石莼和条斑紫菜凝集素对鲫鱼免疫活性物的诱导作用

从孔石莼(Ulva PertusaKjellm)和条斑紫菜(Porphyra YezoensisUeda)中提取凝集素作为免疫增强剂,来研究它对鲫鱼免疫活性的诱导作用.实验结果表明,孔石莼和条斑紫菜凝集素的投喂组和灌喂组鲫鱼血清中免疫活性物—凝集素、溶菌酶、过氧化氢酶、超氧化物歧化酶的活力均高于对照组,其中:孔石莼凝集素的投喂组免疫活性物分别比投喂对照组提高了3.0、1.8、2.4、0.2倍;条斑紫菜凝集素的投喂组免疫活性物分别比投喂对照组提高了3.0、1.6、0.7、0.8倍;孔石莼凝集素的灌喂组免疫活性物分别比灌喂对照组提高了3.0、1.6、2.3、0.6倍;条斑紫菜凝集素的灌喂组免疫活性物分别比灌喂对照组提高了3.0、1.4、1.4、0.8倍.     

补充精氨酸与运动能力关系的研究进展

采用文献资料法，论述了运动时精氨酸代谢的影响以及补充精氨酸提高运动能力的机制．在运动应激状态下，机体时精氨酸的需求量明显增加，提供充足的精氨酸能明显减少氮丢失，有益于机体蛋白质合成，促进肌糖原的储备及恢复；同时可增加冠状动脉流量和改善心脏功能，增强和调节机体的免疫功能，因此时延缓疲劳的发生和促进恢复有一定的作用．     

The growth dynamics of tumor subject to both immune surveillance and external therapy intervention

Considering the growth of tumor cells modeled by an enzyme dynamic process under an immune surveillance, we studied in anti-tumor immunotherapy the single-variable growth dynamics of tumor cells subject to a multiplicative noise and an external therapy intervention simultaneously. The law of tumor growth of the above anti-tumor immunotherapy model was revealed through numerical simula- tions to the relevant stochastic dynamic differential equation. Two simulative parameters of therapy, i.e., therapy intensity and therapy duty-cycle, were introduced to characterize a treatment process similar to a tumor clinic therapy. There exists a critical therapy boundary which, in an expo- nent-decaying form, divides the parameter region of therapy into an invalid and a valid treatment zone, respectively. A greater critical therapy duty-cycle is necessary to achieve a valid treatment for a lower therapy intensity while the critical therapy intensity decreases accordingly with an enhancing immunity. A primary clinic observation of the patients with the typical non-hodgekin’s lymphoma was carried out, and there appears a basic agreement between clinic observations and dynamic simulations.     

TLR9，先天免疫中重要的抗微生物受体

先天免疫系统是宿主抵御外来微生物入侵的第一道防线，TLR9是先天免疫系统中识别细菌和病毒CpGDNA的主要受体。TLR9信号转导利用MyD88依赖途径．在IRAK-4、IRAK-1、TRAF6和TAKl等关键信号蛋白的协同作用下．激活NF-KB和MAP途径，诱导产生一系列促炎细胞因子和趋化因子，最终引起Thl样炎症反应。TLR9除了有抗感染作用，还与自身免疫紊乱和一些恶性肿瘤发生相关。研究TLR9能帮助了解相关疾病发病机理及寻求预防和治疗的手段。