Severely deformed copper by equal channel angular pressing

Mechanical and microstructural analysis of equal channel angular pressed copper was experimentally investigated. The results showed that the hardness distribution uniformity was rapidly decreased after the first pass and gradually improved at the following passes. Also, the bottom region of the pressed material experienced lower Vickers hardness magnitude irrespective of pass number. Furthermore, the addition of 0.1% magnesium to the pure copper had a considerable effect on the distribution uniformity. In addition, the material fracture mode changed from ductile to brittle by the alteration of the dimples to cleavage planes mechanism. Moreover, the formability index was dramatically reduced after the first pass and slowly improved at the succeeding passes. Eventually, ECAP process led to the increment of low angle grain boundaries and the decrease of high angle grain boundaries at the initial passes and vice versa at the subsequent ones.     

烧结方式对WCoB-TiC复相金属陶瓷微观组织及力学性能的影响

以WC、TiB2、Co、VC和Cr3C2粉末为原料,采用热压原位反应液相烧结和真空原位反应液相烧结技术,在1400℃烧结炉中制备WCoB-TiC复相金属陶瓷,利用SEM、XRD对两种烧结方式下制备的WCoB-TiC复相金属陶瓷进行表征,并分析其耐磨性和抗弯强度等性能。结果表明,与真空原位反应液相烧结方式相比,热压原位反应液相烧结方式能更好地促进WCoB-TiC复相金属陶瓷晶粒分布均匀且细化晶粒、降低材料的孔隙率,有效提高材料的耐磨性和抗弯强度,增强其力学性能。     

基于位错演化理论的等径角挤压纳米微晶材料数值分析

研究材料微观组织的演化对应力、应变以及应变硬化等问题的影响,是实现等径角挤压成形技术的关键.以纯铝为例,基于位错演化模型,利用有限元分析方法对纯铝的等径角挤压变形行为进行了数值仿真,分析了挤压过程中材料应力、应变以及应变硬化的演化趋势及分布规律.结果表明:随着挤压道次增加,纯铝中等效应力逐渐增加,这导致材料中位错密度的增加;随着位错密度的增加,主应变最大值随后续挤压道次的增加呈增大趋势.因此,考虑等径角挤压过程中的位错演化等材料微观组织演化规律,对材料的实际挤压成形有指导作用.     

强化固溶态2024铝合金ECAP加工后的拉伸性能

在室温下对经强化固溶处理的2024铝合金实施了等效应变为0．5的等通道转角挤压（ECAP）,将强化固溶、形变、时效和晶界细化四者有机结合,制备出超高强铝合金,其硬度、屈服强度、伸长率分别高达约191HV,610MPa和13％．强度-结构关系的定量计算表明,ECAP变形过程中所引入的位错,其对强度提升的贡献高达整个强度提高值的62．2％．研究结果还表明,强化固溶→低温ECAP变形→低温人工时效是提升常规铝合金的强度、制取超高强铝合金的一条有效途径。     

Cr3 C2含量对Cr3 C2/Ni3 Al复合材料摩擦磨损性能的影响

采用热等静压法制备Ni3 Al合金和Cr3 C2含量不同的Ni3 Al基复合耐磨材料,利用扫描电镜、能谱仪、X射线衍射仪及摩擦磨损试验机,系统地研究Cr3 C2含量对材料组织特征、硬度及摩擦磨损性能的影响。结果表明：Cr3 C2/Ni3 Al复合材料中,Cr3 C2颗粒与Ni3 Al颗粒之间发生互扩散作用,使部分Cr3 C2颗粒转变为M7 C3( M=Cr, Fe, Ni)结构;在特定的摩擦磨损条件下,随着Ni3 Al基体中Cr3 C2比例增大,Cr3 C2/Ni3 Al复合材料的耐磨性能显著提高,达到了Ni3 Al合金耐磨性能的4~10倍。此外,随着Ni3 Al基体中Cr3 C2比例的增大,Cr3 C2/Ni3 Al复合材料对对磨盘的切削、刮擦作用减弱,对磨盘的磨损量减少。     

Preparation of Al<Subscript>72</Subscript>Ni<Subscript>8</Subscript>Ti<Subscript>8</Subscript>Zr<Subscript>6</Subscript>Nb<Subscript>3</Subscript>Y<Subscript>3</Subscript> amorphous powders and bulk materials

Amorphous Al₇₂Ni₈Ti₈Zr₆Nb₃Y₃ powders were successfully fabricated by mechanical alloying. The microstructure, glass-forming ability, and crystallization behavior of amorphous Al₇₂Ni₈Ti₈Zr₆Nb₃Y₃ powders were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The isothermal crystallization kinetics was analyzed by the Johnson–Mehl–Avrami equation. In the results, the supercooled liquid region of the amorphous alloy is as high as 81 K, as determined by non-isothermal DSC curves. The activation energy for crystallization is as high as 312.6 kJ·mol?1 obtained by Kissinger and Ozawa analyses. The values of Avrami exponent (n) imply that the crystallization is dominated by interface-controlled three-dimensional growth in the early stage and the end stage and by diffusion-controlled two- or three-dimensional growth in the middle stage. In addition, the amorphous Al₇₂Ni₈Ti₈Zr₆Nb₃Y₃ powders were sintered under 2 GPa at temperatures of 673 K and 723 K. The results show that the Vickers hardness of the compacted powders is as high as Hv 1215.     

轮式机械在砂质土壤上行驶时的涌土现象及其影响

砂质土地区的特点是土壤中的含砂量较高（在35%之间,砂漠地区则更高）,含水量低,因而土壤呈流砂性,在非路面地带,土壤未经压实,表现为干砂性壤土性质,轮式车辆在这些地区行驶时,往往会产生涌土现象,阻碍了车辆的运行。行驶功率不是消耗在克服牵引阻力上,而是消耗在对土壤的压实上,该功率消耗量的大小,可通过本文的分析加以确定,从而获得解决该问题的思路。     

Influence of ECAP on the fatigue behavior of age-hardenable 2xxx aluminum alloy

The fatigue behavior under load control and the mechanical properties of commercial 2011 aluminum as an age-hardenable Al alloy was studied. To estimate the effects of the equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) process, solution heat treatments, and aging on the fatigue life, tests were conducted at four different stages:furnace cooling; furnace cooling plus one ECAP pass; solid solution heat treatment, quenching, one ECAP pass plus aging at peak age level; and the T6 condition. Only one pass was possible at room temperature because of the high strength of the material. The fracture surface morphology and microstructure after fatigue were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The experimental results revealed that the optimum fatigue life under load control, the tensile strength, and the Vickers hardness of the material were interdependent. The optimum fatigue life under load control was achieved by increasing the tensile strength and hardness of the material.     

等通道转角挤压(ECAP)工艺的研究进展

对等通道转角挤压技术的基本原理和近年来的最新研究进展进行综述. 对挤压过程中晶粒细化机理和变形机理、影响挤压效果的因素分析认为,降低挤压温度、增加背压、减小入口摩擦并适当加大出口摩擦可以有效增加材料组织的均匀性. 认为ECAP加工后材料内部大角度晶界数的增加导致变形机制的改变,晶界滑移导致晶粒转动趋势的增加,这2方面的原因是产生超塑性的主要原因. 提出从单晶材料的织构层面揭示材料的微观组织演变及定量计算多晶体的宏观性质是今后的研究方向.     

中厚板挤压变形函数的论证及简化

本文从中厚板弯曲基本理论出发,进一步论证了挤压变形函数的分布规律,给出挤压变形函数及简化表达式,将所得挤压应力分布规律(繁式与简式)与弹性理论中所得挤压应力值进行了比较,结果非常接近。