竹木质纤维素吸附水溶液中铅离子的研究

采用盐酸对竹木质纤维素进行改性,研究其吸附水溶液中铅离子的性能。采用傅立叶红外(FT-IR)对其结构进行了表征。研究了溶液pH、吸附时间、吸附剂用量、溶液浓度等对吸附容量的影响。实验结果表明,4 h后达到吸附平衡,在Pb(II)溶液浓度在100 mg/L时,pH在4.5~5.5范围内时达到最大吸附量,盐酸改性的竹木质纤维素吸附性能较高,表明HCl改性后的竹木质纤维素吸附性能得到提高。利用竹木质纤维素来吸附重金属离子,具有绿色环保,无污染点成本低廉等优点,具有良好的应用前景。     

Genome-Wide Interaction-Based Association of Human Diseases—A Survey

Genome-Wide Association Studies（GWASs） aim to identify genetic variants that are associated with disease by assaying and analyzing hundreds of thousands of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms（SNPs）. Although traditional single-locus statistical approaches have been standardized and led to many interesting findings, a substantial number of recent GWASs indicate that for most disorders, the individual SNPs explain only a small fraction of the genetic causes. Consequently, exploring multi-SNPs interactions in the hope of discovering more significant associations has attracted more attentions. Due to the huge search space for complicated multilocus interactions, many fast and effective methods have recently been proposed for detecting disease-associated epistatic interactions using GWAS data. In this paper, we provide a critical review and comparison of eight popular methods, i.e., BOOST, TEAM, epi Forest, EDCF, SNPHarvester, epi MODE, MECPM, and MIC, which are used for detecting gene-gene interactions among genetic loci. In views of the assumption model on the data and searching strategies, we divide the methods into seven categories. Moreover, the evaluation methodologies,including detecting powers, disease models for simulation, resources of real GWAS data, and the control of false discover rate, are elaborated as references for new approach developers. At the end of the paper, we summarize the methods and discuss the future directions in genome-wide association studies for detecting epistatic interactions.     

番茄黄化曲叶病毒自然种群的分子变异和进化研究

研究目的：创新要点：研究方法：重要结论：2006年我国上海首次发现番茄黄化曲叶病毒（TYLCV），随后TYLCV迅速蔓延至全国13个省份和自治区。本研究分析了2006至2010年期间TYLCV在我国首发地上海市的分子变异规律。本研究持续五年追踪田间TYLCV，分析TYLCV的全长基因组序列、分子变异及种群遗传结构，为防控TYLCV提供理论依据。2006至2010年从上海采集了26个TYLCV的分离物，利用高保真性的滚环扩增技术获得TYLCV分离物的全长基因组。应用MEGA5等生物信息学软件分析TYLCV的分子变异。TYLCV自然种群具有与RNA病毒相似的突变率，以基因间隔区的分子变异最大，平均突变率为4．81×10-3（见图2和表2）。TYLCV的大部分基因都处于负向选择，但包含在c1开放阅读框内的C4，却与c1承受着不同的选择压而处于正向选择（见图3和表6）。     

基于语料库的同义动词搭配研究——以achieve，gain，obtain，acquire为例

分析美国当代英语语料库（COCA）中同义动词achieve，gain，obtNn和acquire及其相关搭配词语的词频信息，探讨本组同义动词与其他词语搭配时在语义和用法方面的差别。以及基于语料库进行同义词研究的可行性方法。     

《离骚》叙事性浅析

从《离骚》作为抒情叙事诗的角度出发,着重对其叙事性进行论述,包含叙事的结构、聚焦。以求对《离骚》做新的阐发,以补充、增加、丰富这篇＂气往铄古,辞来古今＂的诗作的解读范围,达到从形式进入内容的目的,增进对它的解读。     

The life cycle and natural history of the tropical aphid Cerataphis fransseni (Homoptera: Aphididae: Hormaphidinae), with reference to the evolution of host alternation in aphids

We describe the life cycle and general biology of the tropical cerataphidine aphid Cerataphis fransseni. We demonstrate that this aphid migrates between trees of Styrax benzoin and various species of palms; palm-feeding populations have previously been known as C. variabilis and C. palmae, which now become synonyms of C. fransseni. On S. benzoin the fundatrix induces a relatively simple gall which can contain >6000 aphids at maturity with a large number of reproductively sterile soldiers that protect the gall from predators. These galls are apparently produced throughout the year. Colonies on the secondary host plants, palms, are apparently obligately tended by ants whereas colonies within galls on Styrax are never tended by ants. We discuss the life cycle of this tropical aphid with respect to hypotheses for the evolution and maintenance of host alternation.     

多胺修饰?-环糊精:钕配合物对萘二胺的分子识别研究

将?-环糊精的6-OH用二乙烯三胺基取代，得到了6-脱氧-二乙烯三胺基?-环糊精(DTCD),在镧系金属NdCl3的存在下，分别与1,5-萘二胺和1,8-萘二胺反应，得到了2种三元超分子配合物，并用核磁共振氢谱对配合物进行了表征。其中主客体分子的化学计量比为2:1，客体分子等价氢原子的信号简并现象在包合前后没有发生变化，表明客体分子在主体空腔保持着对称的构象。2种三元超分子配合物均呈“三明治”式夹心结构。     

新一代GPS的公差矢量化技术探讨

对新一代GPS的矢量公差技术进行探讨,提出替代要素的概念.研究了如何借助替代要素实现零件名义几何特征及变动的描述,为公差设计技术研究奠定理论基础.     

Patterns of host-plant utilization by leafhoppers in the genus Eupteryx (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) in Britain

Known host-plant associations are listed for the 16 species of Eupteryx occurring in Britain. A total of 77 species in 17 plant families are exploited. The most frequently represented plant family is the Labiatae. Degrees of specificity range from strict monophagy (four spp.) to broad polyphagy (five spp.). In general, host-plant overlap between species is low. The detailed relationships between three Eupteryx species and three members of the Urticaceae were explored using field populations and laboratory feeding experiments, survival tests and examination of patterns of oviposition. Eupteryx urticae, E. cyclops and E. aurata all utilized Urtica dioica as their primary host plant. However, the only regularly recorded association with other members of the Urticaceae was the host range expansion of E. urticae onto Parietaria judaica in the second generation. These findings were supported by the laboratory experiments. The spatial distributions of E. urticae oviposition sites and levels of attack by mymarid parasitoids were similar in populations on the two plant species. The implications of these results are discussed.