掺杂氧化物对Ni-ZrO_2-Al_2O_3催化剂的性能影响

用水热合成法分别制备Ni-ZrO2-Al2O3和Ni-MxOy-ZrO2-Al2O3催化剂,并用XRD、H2-TPR、H2-TPD和CO2-TPD方法对对催化剂的晶相结构、活性中心、表面酸碱性等进行表征,同时以CO2重整CH4反应为探针考察催化剂的活性及稳定性。结果表明,在Ni-ZrO2-Al2O3催化剂中掺杂不同的金属氧化物MxOy能改变催化剂的晶相结构,对催化剂表面活性和碱性中心有一定程度的调控作用。掺杂BaO、CeO2和K2O后的催化剂反应的初活性明显增加,在850℃时,使CH4的转化率分别达到92.31%、90.29%和90.06%,CO2的转化率分别达到94.37%、93.94%和93.22%。800℃条件下反应100h后,Ni-BaO-ZrO2-Al2O3催化剂上的CH4转化率基本上维持在85%。     

具有掺杂界面的磁超晶格的磁相变研究

采用蒙特卡罗模拟方法研究具有无序掺杂界面的复杂磁性系统的磁特性,重点计算了系统掺杂界面层(ApB1-p)上A类原子的掺杂浓度p及界面交换耦合常数对磁相变的影响.通过模拟,获得了系统的相图以及磁化强度、磁化率等随温度的变化规律.模拟结果表明,纳米磁性薄膜的无序掺杂界面极大地决定了系统的相图.     

关于动态主机地址分配的协议方案

目的 研究关于跨网段主机地址动态分配的方法.方法 采用中继代理服务器识别动态主机分配协议数据报并修改它.结果 中继代理服务器正确转发报文到服务器和客户机.结论 中继代理技术的服务器可以胜任报文转发和跨网段规划的任务.     

基于ARP欺骗的校园网安全访问设计方案

提出了一种校园网安全访问的设计方案,采用ARP Request包域合法性鉴别,对校园网非法主机实施ARP欺骗,阻断校园网内非法主机通信,从而达到校园网安全访问的目的．     

Behavioral and olfactory responses of grasshopper hatchlings,<Emphasis Type="Italic">Melanoplus sanguinipes</Emphasis>, to plant odours and volatile compounds

Behavior and olfactory responses of grasshopper hatchlings, Melanoplus sanguinipes (F.), to odours from plant foliage and volatile compounds were tested using a glass Y-tube olfactometer and electroantennogram (EAG)techniques respectively. In single choice trials, newly hatched hoppers were much more sensitive to the odour from intact leaves and chopped foliage of ryegrass and wheat than other plants. Chopped sorghum leaves, but not stem-cut sorghum,were also significantly attractive. The orientation responses of grasshopper hatchlings to these plants were highly consistent with those of last instar hoppers and adults. When ryegrass was employed as the control, the odour from stem-cut alfalfa was more attractive. There was no significant difference in hopper orientation responses to the odours from chopped seedlings of sorghum, alfalfa, wheat or ryegrass.However, significantly more hoppers preferred the chopped ryegrass control to chopped Louisanna sage. Measurement of the EAG response of first instar hoppers to these plant odours showed that the odour of Louisanna sage elicited the greatest response amplitudes. In olfactory tests using different volatile components, Z-3-hexenol, E-3-hexenol,Z-hex-3-enyl acetate, E-2-hexenal and hexenal gave greater EAG responses than geraniol and 1-octen-3-ol. These results are also consistent with comparable data from adults. Newly hatched grasshoppers had similar EAG response profiles to plant materials and chemicals to those of adults, although the absolute EAG values of young hoppers were much lower than those of adults. Therefore, newly hatched hoppers were able to distinguish plants from an air control, and even host plants from non-host plants, and the feeding experience of hoppers probably has little influence on their subsequent ability as adults to identify and locate food plants.     

Acid rain affects egg-laying behavior of apple maggot flies

Summary The tephritid fruit fly,Rhagoletis pomonella, is less likely to attempt oviposition in host fruit that have been exposed to acid rain or to a simulated acid rain solution (pH<3.8). Electrophysiological data suggest that acid rain residue on the fruit surface may interfere with the sensory mechanisms that the fly uses during recognition and acceptance of host fruit.9 December 1986     

图形终端仿真方法与技术

本文讨论利用图形定义语句、异步串行通讯中断处理和缓冲区同步控制等技术,在IBM个人计算机上开发的图形汉字仿真系统,从而使IBM个人计算机成为其它高档计算机系统的图形汉字仿真终端。     

A gelatin sponge model for studying tumor growth: quantitation of tumor cells and leukocytes in the CHO tumor

Summary A gelatin sponge model system for tumor cell inoculation and retrieval of tumor-associated leukocytes is described. Gelatin sponges pre-implanted in nude mice harboring tumorigenic Chinese hamster ovary cells (line CHO) were examined at 2 and 11 days after injection of tumor cells for tumor cell content and leukocyte accumulation after digesting the sponge matrix in collagenase solution.The data indicate a progressive influx of host cells consisting primarily of macrophages, neutrophils and lymphocytes. The total number of viable tumor cells as well as the fraction of surviving tumor cells with clonogenic potential also increased with tumor age. Blank sponges not harboring tumor cells elicited an inflammatory response in the animals which did not change appreciably with length of sponge residence. However, when the sponges were harboring tumor cells, the accumulation of host leukocytes far exceeded that which occurred in blank sponges. This observation suggests a host response directed toward the tumor which is absent in animals bearing blank sponges. Apart from providing anchorage for injected cells, the gelatin sponge, by virtue of its digestibility in collagenase, makes possible the easy retrieval and precise quantitation of tumor-associated host cells.Supported by the United States Department of Energy and National Institutes of Health Grant P41-RR01315.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">The Art of War:</Emphasis> Innate and adaptive immune responses

Research over the last several years has greatly advanced our understanding of the mechanisms by which the immune system functions. There exist two main branches of immunity, termed innate and adaptive immunity. Innate immunity uses the genetic memory of germline-encoded receptors to recognize the molecular patterns of common pathogens. Adaptive immunity, akin to somatic memory, is a complex system by which the body learns to recognize a pathogens unique antigens and builds an antigen specific response to destroy it. The effective development of the overall immune response depends on careful interplay and regulation between innate and adaptive immunity. Here we review our current understanding of how these integrated systems distinguish targets against which a response is appropriate and neutralize potentially pathogenic challenges.Received 8 May 2003; accepted 2 June 2003     

Gel-electrophoretic description of European populations ofTerellia virens (Loew) (Diptera,Tephritidae); implications for its use as an agent for the biological control ofCentaurea spp. (Asteraceae) in North America

Allozyme frequencies of 15 enzyme loci, 14 of which were polymorphic, were used to characterize sevenTerellia virens populations originating from three allopatrically distributedCentaurea species. The two populations whose origins were geographically furthest apart, from Israel (onC. iberica) and from Switzerland (onC. vallesiaca), showed relatively high values of genetic distance from the 5 populations sampled in Austria and Hungary (onC. maculosa) (Nei's D>0.07). The latter five displayed a high degree of genetic similarity. No diagnostic (fixed) allelic differences were observed between these three groups ofT. virens populations, but they could be well characterized by significant differences in allelic frequencies at 9 enzyme loci. Independently of this study, the populations from Switzerland (C. vallesiaca) and eastern Austria (C. maculosa) were selected as potential source populations for future introductions into North America for the biological control of introducedC. maculosa andC. diffusa. Based on the observed genetic differences and results from field experiments on the host specificity of these two potential source populations, it is argued that host specificity screening tests should be conducted separately for local (host plant) populations, as such populations might accept a different set of hosts. Biotype mismatch and the risk of spill-overs to native species could thus possibly be reduced.