Theoretical construction in physics – The role of Leibniz for Weyl's ‘Philosophie der Mathematik und Naturwissenschaft’

This paper aims at closing a gap in recent Weyl research by investigating the role played by Leibniz for the development and consolidation of Weyl's notion of theoretical (symbolic) construction. For Weyl, just as for Leibniz, mathematics was not simply an accompanying tool when doing physics—for him it meant the ability to engage in well-guided speculations about a general framework of reality and experience. The paper first introduces some of the background of Weyl's notion of theoretical construction and then discusses particular Leibnizian inheritances in Weyl's ‘Philosophie der Mathematik und Naturwissenschaft’, such as the general appreciation of the principles of sufficient reason and of continuity. Afterwards the paper focuses on three themes: first, Leibniz's primary quality phenomenalism, which according to Weyl marked the decisive step in realizing that physical qualities are never apprehended directly; second, the conceptual relation between continuity and freedom; and third, Leibniz's notion of ‘expression’, which allows for a certain type of (surrogative) reasoning by structural analogy and which gave rise to Weyl's optimism regarding the scope of theoretical construction.     

模式间相互影响时估计O-D需求的双层规划模型及求解算法

考虑各种交通模式间的相互影响 ,利用多模式均衡配流的变分不等式模型 ,建立了拥挤条件下多模式 O-D需求估计问题的双层规划模型 .并在对多模式均衡配流变分不等式模型进行灵敏度分析的基础上 ,给出了关于此类双层规划模型的基于灵敏度分析的求解算法 .最后进行了数值试验.     

弹性需求用户平衡分配模型及其应用

对具有弹性需求的交通网络随机用户平衡分配问题进行了分析研究,将其描述为一个等价的变分不等式。最后将模型应用于拥护公交网络系统的平衡分配问题,并针对公交网络系统的特殊性,提出相应的求解算法 法。实例表明了模型的合理性和算法的有效性。     

二装置搜索两个坏硬币之分解数为2的平衡模型的统一测试过程

给出了用两台装置搜索两个坏硬币问题中分解为 2的 6个平衡模型的统一测试过程 t,使得当 k为奇数时 ,tk/nk=1 ,当 k为偶数时 ,tk/nk>0 .93 .这里 tk表示测试过程 t在 k次测试中所能鉴别的最大硬币数目 ,nk=maxt tk.从而全部解决了分解为 2之平衡模型的测试问题 .     

Forecast robustness in macroeconometric models

This paper investigates potential invariance of mean forecast errors to structural breaks in the data generating process. From the general forecasting literature, such robustness is expected to be a rare occurrence. With the aid of a stylized macro model we are able to identify some economically relevant cases of robustness and to interpret them economically. We give an interpretation in terms of co‐breaking. The analytical results resound well with the forecasting record of a medium‐scale econometric model of the Norwegian economy.     

一种基于重复博弈的频谱分配策略

针对动态频谱接入,提出了一种基于重复博弈的频谱共享分配策略。通过基于惩罚的防欺骗策略,参与用户将约束自己的行为以合作方式共享频谱、实现频谱分配,保证合作竞争的诚实性。仿真结果显示,该合作规则方法能够很好地降低用户间的干扰,防欺骗方式也能很好地约束参与人保持合作。     

支付值为区间数的双矩阵博弈的二次规划求解方法

基于区间数集合IR上的不大于关系,给出支付值为区间数的双矩阵博弈的数学模型及其解的概念。先由区间数双矩阵博弈的混合策略均衡点存在的充要条件导出区间数双矩阵博弈的区间数二次规划解法,然后把区间数二次规划转化为一般二次规划．最后给出数值实例并利用lingo软件进行求解。     

三元体系Mg2+//Cl-,borate-H2O在308.15K时稳定相平衡研究

采用等温溶解法研究了三元体系Mg2+//C1-,borate-H20在308.15 K时的稳定相平衡;测定了上述体系液相中各组份的平衡溶解度及物化性质(密度和pH),根据实验数据绘制了相应相图和物化性质组成图.该体系在308.15 K时有1个共饱点(水氯镁石+镁硼酸盐)、2条饱和溶解度曲线和2个结晶相区,无复盐及固溶体...     

离子强度对牛磺酸离子交换平衡的影响

采用静态吸附法研究离子强度对牛磺酸/OH-体系在阴离子树脂D290上离子交换平衡的影响,测定了不同离子强度下牛磺酸在碱式阴离子交换树脂上的交换平衡等温线.研究结果表明:(1)随着溶液离子强度的升高,阴离子树脂对牛磺酸的平衡交换吸附容量逐渐降低,牛磺酸在树脂上的分配系数λTau逐渐下降;(2)随着溶液离子强度增大,达到平衡时液相的pH值升高,溶液中牛磺酸阴离子Tau±含量迅速增加,而牛磺酸两性离子Tau±含量迅速降低;(3)在一定的牛磺酸浓度范围内,溶液离子强度增大,有利于提高离子交换树脂对牛磺酸的选择性.