深过冷Ni-P共晶合金凝固动力学分析

根据经典的形核和生长理论，通过实验分析了深过冷Ni-P共晶合金的凝固行为．实验发现，深过冷Ni-P共晶合金的凝固组织由粒状的共晶团和棒状的规则共晶所组成．随过冷度的增加，共晶团的组织逐渐细化，同时深过冷熔体晶核生长速率很大，异质形核在凝固过程中起控制性的作用．深过冷熔体的单点形核和长大现象作为特例用以描述界面的生长速率对其凝固组织的影响。     

球墨铸铁凝固过程的微观模拟

采用过冷形核与扩散控制生长模型,对凝固时球墨铸铁显微组织的形成过程进行了模拟。比较了瞬时形核和连续形核两种形核模型,并讨论了工艺参数对形核和石墨/奥氏体共晶生长的影响。     

球形非金属夹杂物与焊缝金属的断裂

对四种不同强度级别的焊缝金属的廷性断口和脆性断口上的夹杂物进行了系统的观察与分析,探讨了球形非金属夹杂物对焊缝金属断裂性能的影响。焊缝金属的延性断裂性能与所含夹杂物的数量存在直接的关系,而焊缝金属的解理断裂中有相当大的一部分由尺寸相对较大的,与基体结合强度较高的Ti型夹杂物所引发。     

稀土镁球铁中的非金属夹杂物

提供了非金属夹杂物作为球状石墨非自发形核心的视觉证实。球铁中的非金属夹杂物按其分布有:作为球状石墨核心的夹杂物;被石墨晶体包围的夹杂物;和石墨共生的夹杂物;孤立块状分布在基体中的夹杂物。对球铁性能影响最大的非金属夹杂物是孤立分布的夹杂物。     

针形超微粒α－Fe_2O_3还原过程成核生长动力学

基于成核生长动力学经验方程，导出了气固反应过程成核生长动力学方程，应用于针形超微粒ａ－Ｆｅ２Ｏ３在氢氮气氛中还原过程。利用ＴＰＲ技术得到还原过程成核生长动力学方程。针形超微粒ａ－Ｆｅ２Ｏ３表面氧还原速率随还原程度的增加而增加，体相氧还原速率随还原程度的增加而减小。以制备磁粉为目的的还原最佳温度为３６０～４００°Ｃ。     

The Arp2/3 complex: a central regulator of the actin cytoskeleton

In recent years the Arp2/3 complex has emerged as a central regulator of actin dynamics, assembling and cross-linking actin filaments to produce a diverse array of cellular structures. Here I discuss our current state of knowledge about this actin-remodelling machine. The predicted structure of the Arp2/3 complex can be directly correlated with its ability to nucleate, cap and cross-link actin filaments. A growing family of Arp2/3 complex activators such as the WASP family, type I myosins, and the newly identified activators cortactin and Abp1p tightly regulate this activity within the cell. Localised activation of the Arp2/3 complex produces structures such as lamellipodia or actin patches via a process termed dendritic nucleation. Furthermore, several pathogenic microorganisms have evolved strategies to 'hijack' the Arp2/3 complex to their own advantage. Finally, I discuss some of the questions which remain unanswered about this fascinating complex. Received 2 April 2001; received after revision 15 May 2001; accepted 18 May 2001     

金属衬底上石墨烯生长机理研究进展

石墨烯作为一种新型的二维碳材料,在高性能纳米电子器件、复合材料、场发射材料、气体传感器及能量存储等领域具有非常重要的应用前景.然而,大规模可控合成高质量的石墨烯仍然面临巨大的挑战,其中比较有效的方法之一是在金属衬底上生长石墨烯.本文总结了近年来在金属衬底上生长石墨烯的机理研究方面取得的重要进展,从初始阶段、成核阶段、长大过程3个方面进行了介绍,最后还介绍了氢气在石墨烯生长过程中所起的重要作用,以期对石墨烯生长机理的深入研究及大规模可控制备提供帮助.     

Rapid solidification of undercooled Al-Cu-Si eutectic alloys

Under the conventional solidification condition, a liquid aluminium alloy can be hardly undercooled because of oxidation. In this work, rapid solidification of an undercooled liquid Al_80.4Cu_13.6Si₆ ternary eutectic alloy was realized by the glass fluxing method combined with recycled superheating. The relationship between superheating and undercooling was investigated at a certain cooling rate of the alloy melt. The maximum undercooling is 147 K (0.18T _E). The undercooled ternary eutectic is composed of α(Al) solid solution, (Si) semiconductor and θ(CuAl₂) intermetallic compound. In the (Al+Si+θ) ternary eutectic, (Si) faceted phase grows independently, while (Al) and θ non-faceted phases grow cooperatively in the lamellar mode. When undercooling is small, only (Al) solid solution forms as the leading phase. Once undercooling exceeds 73 K, (Si) phase nucleates firstly and grows as the primary phase. The alloy microstructure consists of primary (Al) dendrite, (Al+θ) pseudobinary eutectic and (Al+Si+θ) ternary eutectic at small undercooling, while at large undercooling primary (Si) block, (Al+θ) pseudobinary eutectic and (Al+Si+θ) ternary eutectic coexist. As undercooling increases, the volume fraction of primary (Al) dendrite decreases and that of primary (Si) block increases. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 50121101, 50395105) and the Doctorate Foundation of Northwestern Polytechnical University (Grant No. CX200419)     

羰基钼化学气相沉积成膜机制及相关因素研究

利用金属有机气相沉积 (MOCVD)方法 ,在经过预沉积和表面研磨处理的Al2 O3 陶瓷基片上制备多晶钼膜 .通过该薄膜的表面形态及其结构的观察分析 ,讨论了该薄膜的形成机制 .结果表明 ,基片的表面形态是影响薄膜生长成核机理的重要因素 ,基底表面的状态设计是提高成核密度 ,获取优质薄膜的有效方法     

Determination of the critical nucleation frequency in undercooled metal melt

By studying the effect of thermodynamic and kinetic factors on the nucleation frequency of under cooled metals, the expressions for heterogeneous and homogenous critical nucleation frequencies have been established. The results show that the homogenous critical nucleation frequency per unit volume is directly proportional to the ratio of the cooling rate to the volume of liquid metal. As the value of the equilibrium contact angle function f(θ) of the most effective catalyst is constant, the heterogeneous critical nucleation frequency per unit area of the catalyst surface is di rectly proportional to the ratio of the cooling rate to the sum of the surface area of the most effective catalyst surface ( Rc/ VSv). When Rc/VSv is constant, the heterogeneous critical nucleation frequency per unit area of the catalyst surface is inversely proportional to f(θ)0.53; the critical nucleation frequency per unit continuous mass of the metal melt for both the homogenous and heterogeneous nucleation can be expressed in terms of a general formula. The critical nucleation fre quency is slightly influenced by the nature of the metal. The obtained theoretical result agrees well with the homogenous critical nucleation frequency estimated by Turnbull.