组胺H1受体缺乏改变小鼠脑内组胺含量及昼夜节律

在乙谜麻醉下,分别于明时(8:00 a.m.)及暗时(8:00 p.m.)断头处死野生型及组胺H1R基因敲除型小鼠,迅速取出脑组织并分离出皮层、纹状体、海马、下丘脑、丘脑、中脑及脑干等脑区.这些脑组织被制成匀浆并用HPLC荧光检测法测量其组胺含量.结果显示暗时处死时,H1R基因敲除型小鼠海马、丘脑、中脑及脑干中的组胺含量明显低于野生型小鼠.明时处死时,野生型小鼠各脑区组胺含量均较暗时处死显著降低,但这一变化在H1R基因敲除型小鼠中并未观察到.这些表明作为组胺的功能靶,H1R不仅介导组胺的功能,而且调节大脑中组胺含量与释放的昼夜节律.     

Furan fatty acid steryl esters from the marine spongeDictyonella incisa which show inflammatory activity

Summary Three new furan fatty acids, (9Z, 19Z)-3, 6-epoxyhexacosa-3,5,19-tetraenoic acid (1a), (8Z, 11Z, 14Z, 17Z)-3, 6-epoxyeicosa-3,5,8,11,14,17-hexaenoic acid (2a), and (8Z, 11Z, 14Z, 17E)-3, 6-epoxyeicosa-3,5,8,11,14,17-hexaenoic acid (3a), and a new polyunsaturated fatty acid (5Z, 8Z, 11Z, 14Z, 17E)-eicosa-5,8,11,14,17-pentaenoic acid (6a), present in the spongeDictyonella incisa as the respective steryl esters, have been isolated as methyl esters and their structures have been determined by spectral and chemical analysis. The furan fatty acid esters have shown a high inflammatory activity, which suggests their potential role as feeding deterrents.     

VIP and histamine H2 receptor activity in human fetal gastric glands

Summary Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, EC₅₀=6.4×10^–10 M) and histamine (EC₅₀=3×10^–6 M) activated the cyclic AMP generating system in gastric glands isolated from two human fetuses at 23 weeks gestation. Histamine antagonism by the H₂ receptor blockers cimetidine (Ki=0.35×10^–6 M) and ranitidine (ki=0.51×10^–7 M) clearly characterized the histaminic activation as being of the H₂ type. It is suggested that these two vasoactive hormones may operate as neurocrine/paracrine regulators of the differentiation and/or function of the human gastric mucosa in utero.     

Smallest zinc quantities affect the histamine release from peritoneal mast cells of the rat

Summary Seven individual 0.025-mg doses of zinc administered as lactose tablets on consecutive days, significantly increase histamine release from peritoneal mast cells of the rat. Seven individual doses of 0.25 g cause a somewhat smaller, though still very pronounced increase in the release in comparison with zero control.Acknowledgments. We thank Ms T. L. Pham and Ms K. Löppen for their technical assistance.     

Role of calcium in the histamine release induced by D-galactosamine from rat mast cells

Summary Rat peritoneal mast cells were isolated and purified by differential centrifugation in Ficoll. Cells pooled from three to four rats were suspended at approximately 10⁶ cells/ml in a buffered salt solution and incubated for 1 h at 37°C in 300 l volumes in the absence or presence (9×10^–4 M) of calcium chloride. Addition of D-galactosamine hydrochloride (DGM; 2.8×10^–4 M) caused (in addition to basal release) a mean ±SEM percent histamine release of 15.7±5.2 in the presence of Ca⁺⁺ and 19±4.9 in the absence of Ca⁺⁺ (p>0.05). It is suggested that D-galactosamine does not require extracellular Ca⁺⁺ for the release of histamine from the rat mast cell.A preliminary analysis of these results was presented at the International Symposium on calcium entry blockers and tissue protection, Rome, 15–16 March 1984.     

Stimulation of histamine synthesis in rat mast cells by compound 48/80 in vitro

Summary The histamine content of rat peritoneal fluid cells is doubled within 20 min by 0.5 g/ml of compound 48/80. Histamine catabolism inhibitors do not reproduce this effect; cells pre-incubated with -fluoromethylhistidine are unresponsive to compound 48/80 which therefore activates pre-formed histidine decarboxylase rather than inducing it. Non-mast cells showed no change after treatment with compound 48/80.     

弱激光照射足三里穴对兔胃内压的影响及机制的研究

实验观察了弱激光照射足三里穴对家兔胃内压的影响,并对其神经机制进行了初步分析。结果显示：①弱激光照射足三里穴１０ｍｉｎ,胃内压显著增大;②弱激光升高胃内压的效应可以被电刺激迷走神经和静脉注射苯海拉明、纳络酮所减弱;③心得安可明显增强弱激光的加压效应,而酚妥拉明无影响。以上结果提示：弱激光诱导组织胺释放,经Ｈ１受体引起胃内压升高,脑啡肽也参与了这一作用;同时,弱激光通过去甲肾上腺素经β受体降低胃内压     

低阻经络研究Ⅳ. 对经络生理学功能的推测

在《低阻经络研究Ⅲ》“经络是疏松结缔组织里间液较丰富的带区”推断的基础上,根据已确立的生理学事实,进一步推测：经络是经络信息载体物质扩散的低阻通道;经络信息载体物质是组胺;以及经络生物信息放大器是肥大细胞。在此基础上,又提出关于经络功能的“疏松结缔组织-血管-神经机能一体化”假说。最后说明,疏松结缔组织网络如何具有中国医学所注意到的经络系统的各种机能,包括在正常生理条件下的功能,在病理条件下的效应,针灸引起的感觉和反应沿经络的传递,以及用针灸体表经络来治疗有关内脏的疾患,等等。     

Activation-induced cellular accumulation of histamine in immature but not mature murine mast cells

Mast cell activation involves the rapid release of inflammatory mediators, including histamine, from intracellular granules. The cells are capable of regranulation and multiple rounds of activation. The goal of this study was to determine if there are changes in the content of pre-formed mast cell mediators after a round of activation. After 24 h, the histamine content of bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMC), but not that of peritoneal mast cells, exceeded the amount in resting cells. Accumulation of histamine in BMMC peaked at 72 h of activation, and returned toward preactivation levels by 96 h. The increase in histamine content was accompanied by an increase in the gene expression of histidine decarboxylase. No increases in beta hexosaminidase or murine mast cell protease-6 were observed. These findings indicate that BMMC respond to activation by increasing total cell-associated histamine content. This increase may be important to the response of these cells upon subsequent exposure to antigens.     

高效液相色谱法同时测定血浆中组织胺和去甲肾上腺素

建立了用高效液相色谱－电化学检测器（ＨＰＬＣ／ＥＣＤ）柱前衍生法,同时测定生物样本中组织胺（Ｈｉｓｔ）和去甲肾上腺素（ＮＡ）的方法,可在２０ｍｉｎ内分离检测的Ｆｉｓｔ和ＮＡ,线性范围为０．０１５～５０ｍｇ／Ｌ,最低检出限为１５ｎｇ／Ｌ回收率为９５％,精密度为５．８％～１１．１％,具有灵敏,稳定,特异性高等特点,应用检测了７０例健康人,５例高血压患者血浆中Ｈｉｓｔ和ＮＡ的含量,结果显示Ｈｉｓｔ和ＮＡ