4-氨基砒啶对大鼠海马CA1区神经元突触可塑性的影响

论文采用离体脑片和膜片箝技术,观察了4-氨基砒啶(4-aminopridine,4-AP)对海马薛氏侧枝(Schafferfibers)-CA1突触通路活动的影响.研究结果证明4-AP可以提高海马CA1区突触传递的效率,延长兴奋性突触后电位(EPSPs)反应的潜伏期,并对长时程压抑(LTD)的幅度有抑制作用.     

Early-life undernutrition causes deficits in rat dentate gyrus granule cell number

Recently developed stereological methods have been used in experiments to examine the effects of two levels of undernutrition during early postnatal life on the total number of rat dentate gyrus granule cells. This study has shown that previously undernourished rats have significant deficits in the total number of this particular type of neuron.     

基于双反相二维色谱串联质谱技术的大鼠海马膜蛋白分析

色谱与质谱联用技术在蛋白质组学研究中应用广泛,特别是二维色谱分离技术的发展,为复杂生物样品的分离分析提供了更为精准的技术手段.海马是大脑颞叶内侧的一个重要脑区,主要负责哺乳动物的学习和记忆,实现这些功能的生理过程与海马膜蛋白密切相关,但由于海马膜蛋白具有强疏水性和低丰度的特点,因此在分离和鉴定上难度较高.运用差速离心的方法分离纯化得到成年大鼠的海马膜蛋白,采用双反相二维色谱串联质谱技术进行分离分析.最终鉴定2 502个蛋白,结合生物信息学分析发现,所鉴定到的2 502个蛋白在包含蛋白定位、突触可塑性、蛋白运输以及囊泡转运等在内的与学习记忆功能密切相关的生理过程中均有涉及.这一分析结果为更加全面的揭示海马膜蛋白与脑海马区的特定功能间的具体关系提供了重要的参考.     

基于模拟退火粒子群算法的含DG配电网重构研究

含分布式电源的配电网重构是配网优化的重要课题．二进制粒子群算法（BPSO）是解决优化问题的重要算法,首先根据配电网重构的拓扑约束条件,将轮盘赌操作引入到BPSO中,改进了BPSO算法中粒子位置状态更新策略．接着将模拟退火算法中的动态变异机制引入到改进的BP—So中,解决了BPSO容易陷入局部最优的缺点,最终能够快速有效地达到网路损耗最小的目的．选取IEEE69节点系统进行算例仿真,并与现有研究成果进行对比,结果表明该算法在继承了粒子群优化算法简单容易实现的特点同时,使其具有了摆脱局部极值点的能力,能够优化最优解,提高算法的收敛速度,适合解决含分布式电源的配电网重构问题．     

Genetic control of hippocampal cholinergic and dynorphinergic mechanisms regulating novelty-induced exploratory behavior in house mice

Summary Neurobehavioral genetics endeavors to trace the pathways from genetic and eenvironmental determinants to neuroanatomical and neurophysiological systems and, thence, to behavior. Exploiting genetic variation as a tool, the behavioral sequelae of manipulating these neuronal systems by drugs and antisera are analyzed. Apart from research in rats, this paper deals mainly with the genetically-influenced regulation in mice of exploratory behaviors that are adaptive in novel surroundings and are hippocampally-mediated. Special attention is paid to neuropeptidergic, GABAergic, and cholinergic synaptic functions in the mouse hippocampus.The behaviorally different inbred mouse strains C57BL/6 and DBA/2 show opposite reactions (reductions and increases, respectively, in exploration rates) to peripheral and intrahippocampal injections with agents that interfere with peptidergic, cholinergic, and GABAergic neurotransmission. These findings can be explained by an interdependent over-release of opioids, arrested GABA release, and excess acetylcholine in the hippocampal neuronal network of DBA/2 mice, as compared to C57BL/6 mice where these systems are functionally well balanced. Very similar results have been obtained with the lines SRH and SRL, derived from C57BL/6 and DBA/2, and genetically selected for rearing behavior. Most probably, the opioids act to disinhibit exploratory responses. An additional genetic approach is mentioned, in which four inbred mouse strains and one derived heterogeneous stock are used for estimating genetic correlations between structural properties of the hippocampal mossy fibers and levels of hippocampal dynorphin B, on the one hand, and frequencies of exploratory responses to environmental novelty, on the other.     

家兔海马的细胞构筑和纤维构筑

用七只家兔灌注后取背海马并沿其长轴作横切片,分别进行尼氏法、Weil法、Golgi改良法及Golgi—Деинека镀银法处理,在光学显微镜下观察家兔齿状回的结构、海马的层次、细胞类型及大小、海马中各地区的差异和海马内部进行相互连系的纤维.     

Effects of calcineurin on LTP of rats in vivo

Calcineurin (CN) is thought to play a role in the synaptic plastivity and long-term potentiation (LTP) in the hippocampus. Based on two LTP models in vivo, a specific inhibitor cyclosporin A (CsA) of CN was observed, which affected LTP in the hippocampal dentate gyrus of the rats. The results indicated that CsA blocked LTP induced by high frequency stimulation (HFS) partly, but it had no effect on the decrease of the onset and peak latency of population spikes (PS) except that it reduced the increase of the amplitude after HFS. On the other hand, CsA blocked LTP induced by ginsenosides (GSS) completely. It suppressed the GSS-enhanced amplitude of PS reversibly and blocked the decrease of the peak latency of PS induced by the GSS. These results suggest that the postsynaptic CN plays a role in the induction of LTP in the hippocampus of the rats.     

Dogma and dreams: experimental lessons for epilepsy mechanism chasers

Epilepsy mechanism chasers face one major difficulty. Since we don’t know how the normal brain works, we can’t start to understand how the diseased brain fails. Most of today’s hypotheses are based on what we think about ‘normal’ brain function, which may lead to misconceptions, as will be developed here. Furthermore, since there are many different types of epilepsies, some mechanisms may only be relevant to some epilepsies. Here, I shall focus on temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) the most common form of partial epilepsy in adults. TLE is often drug resistant, as are 30–40% of all forms of epilepsies. The failure of drug-treatments most likely reflects our lack of knowledge of the underlying mechanisms.Received 10 January 2005; received after revision 3 March 2005; accepted 23 March 2005     

配电网中分布式电源最优布置

基于放射状链式配电网连续解析模型和离散模型,研究了多台分布式电源装置接入系统对沿线电压和有功网损的影响.讨论了分布式电源装置安装在配电网中的优化方法以及分布式电源装置对配网电压分布的影响和其安装位置的限制.改进的最优布置算法克服了一般方法不能有效解决分布式电源装置的安装位置,以及因电压分布的要求对分布式电源安装位置产生的限制等缺点.算例表明,本文方法所求出的分布式电源最优接入位置,在满足系统电压分布情况下可有效改善有功网损.     

运动应激对大鼠海马去甲肾上腺素、5-羟色胺及前体氨基酸的影响

目的：旨在观察运动应激对海马去甲肾上腺素和5-羟色胺及前体氨基酸的影响。探讨海马对运动应激的反应及运动技能学习的关系。方法：雄性SD大鼠分别直接处死，力竭性跑台运动后即刻和运动后24h处死；高效液相色谱法，测试去甲肾上腺素、5-羟色胺、酪氨酸和色氨酸。结果：与安静组相比，运动后即刻海马内去甲肾上腺素和色氨酸均显著性升高，运动后24h有所下降；安静时大鼠5-羟色胺与色氨酸，及运动后24h去甲肾上腺素、5-羟色胺及其前体氨基酸间的均呈显著性强相关系；安静时去甲肾上腺素与5-羟色胺相关系数也很高，p=0．055。结论：力竭性跑台运动应激过程中，去甲肾上腺素和5-HT参与应激反应，运动应激后的24h，大鼠海马内的去甲肾上腺素、5-羟色胺、酪氨酸和色氨酸含量及相关关系的个体差异减小，可能与运动技能、记忆形成和保持有关。