超高强钢管气压热成形设备的研究开发

为了满足超高强钢管气压热成形工艺研究的需求,基于高气压热成形原理,轧制技术及连轧自动化国家重点实验室自主设计开发了一套超高强钢管气压热成形设备.该设备利用电阻加热方式对管坯温度进行精确控制,开发了管端部高压密封结构、快速充气系统及液压伺服进给系统;结合模具内部的循环冷却水路设计,高温管件在内高压与轴向进给联合作用下成形,且成形过程中与冷态模具接触被直接淬火,实现了单工位条件下的管件加热、成形及在线淬火功能.实验测试表明,该设备最高充气压力可达40 MPa且密封可靠,温度控制精度为±1℃,管件充气速度连续可调,为超高强钢管气压热成形工艺研究提供了可靠的支持.     

挤压温度对Mg-3Zn-2.5Al-2.5Ca合金的微观组织和力学性能的影响

采用金相分析、扫描电镜分析、X射线衍射分析和拉伸测试等方法研究了不同挤压温度对Mg-3Zn-2.5Al-2.5Ca(ZAC333)合金的微观组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明,铸态组织的平均晶粒尺寸为185μm;随着挤压温度从623K降低到523K,由于发生了明显的动态再结晶,合金的平均晶粒尺寸从6.32μm减小到3.36μm.ZAC333铸态合金中沿着晶界分布的半连续Al_2Ca和连续Ca_2Mg_6Zn_3第2相在热挤压过程中也发生了明显的破碎而沿着挤压方向分布.与铸态合金的力学性能相比,挤压态ZAC333合金的力学性能有明显的提高.挤压态合金的抗拉和屈服强度分别从176 MPa和284 MPa提高到292 MPa和334 MPa,而延伸率从18%降低到9%.ZAC333合金性能的改善主要归功于热挤压过程中的动态再结晶细晶强化和第2相粒子破碎而产生细化弥散强化的共同作用.     

Bulk Al–Al3Zr composite prepared by mechanical alloying and hot extrusion for high-temperature applications

Bulk Al/Al3Zr composite was prepared by a combination of mechanical alloying (MA) and hot extrusion processes. Elemental Al and Zr powders were milled for up to 10 h and heat treated at 600°C for 1 h to form stable Al3Zr. The prepared Al3Zr powder was then mixed with the pure Al powder to produce an Al–Al3Zr composite. The composite powder was finally consolidated by hot extrusion at 550°C. The mechanical properties of consolidated samples were evaluated by hardness and tension tests at room and elevated temperatures. The results show that annealing of the 10-h-milled powder at 600°C for 1 h led to the formation of a stable Al3Zr phase. Differential scanning calorime-try (DSC) results confirmed that the formation of Al3Zr began with the nucleation of a metastable phase, which subsequently transformed to the stable tetragonal Al3Zr structure. The tension yield strength of the Al?10wt%Al3Zr composite was determined to be 103 MPa, which is approximately twice that for pure Al (53 MPa). The yield stress of the Al/Al3Zr composite at 300°C is just 10% lower than that at room tem-perature, which demonstrates the strong potential for the prepared composite to be used in high-temperature structural applications.     

Tribological behavior of CrN-coated Cr-Mo-V steels used as die materials

DIN 1.2343 and 1.2367 steels are commonly used as die materials in aluminum extrusion, and single/duplex/multi-coatings enhance their surface properties. The design of an appropriate substrate/coating system is important for improving the tribological performance of these steels under service conditions because the load-carrying capacity of the system can be increased by decreasing the plastic deformation of the substrate. In this study, the tribological behavior of CrN-coated Cr-Mo-V steels (DIN 1.2343, 1.2367, and 1.2999 grades) was investigated using different setups and tribological pairs at room and elevated temperatures. The aim of this study was to reveal the wear resistance of a suggested system (1.2999/CrN) not yet studied and to understand both the wear and the failure characteristics of coated systems. The results showed that (i) among the steels studied, the DIN 1.2999 grade steel exhibited the lowest friction coefficient because it had the highest load-carrying capacity as a result of secondary hardening at elevated temperatures; (ii) at room temperature, both abrasive tracks and adhesive layers were observed on the worn surfaces; and (iii) a combination of chemical reactions and progressive oxidation caused aluminum adhesion on the worn surface, and the detachment of droplets and microcracking were the characteristic damage mechanisms at high temperatures.     

PET／高岭土纳米复合材料的制备与表征

使用二甲亚砜（DMSO）改性高岭土,改性的高岭土与聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯通过熔融挤出的方法制得复合材料．利用X射线衍射（XRD）,红外光谱分析的方法验证其为纳米复合材料,再利用DSC和偏光显微镜研究该复合材料的热性能和结晶性能．     

基于Archard理论的挤压次数对模具磨损量的影响分析

针对前次挤压对后次挤压的模具磨损有着显著影响,模具的总磨损量并不与单次磨损量呈简单的线性关系,将考虑温度影响的Archard磨损计算修正模型与有限元数值模拟分析方法相结合,预测铝合金挤压过程中模具表面磨损最严重的部位,建立该部位磨损量与挤压次数之间的确切关系,并由此提出一种考虑挤压次数影响的总磨损量计算公式.     

半固态ZL116合金挤压成形与显微组织

采用电子显微镜、卧式挤压机及电子拉伸机,研究了ZL116合金近液相线铸造的铸态显微组织,进行了触变挤压成形实验,测试了成形件的力学性能.结果表明:用近液相线半连续铸造法可以制备出具有蔷薇状组织的ZL116合金半固态坯料,当在575℃进行二次加热时,有大量细小、分布均匀的硅颗粒出现,有利于合金的半固态成形;利用800 T卧式挤压机,触变挤压飞机用的合金支架,热处理后抗拉强度Rm值达320 MPa,断后伸长率A达到11.4%.     

挤出热历程对聚乳酸流变性能和热性能影响

以丙交酯法合成的聚乳酸为实验材料,在180～210℃间选用4个实验温度采用单螺杆挤出机进行挤出成型实验,研究了挤出成型对聚乳酸粘均分子量、熔融指数、流变性能和热性能的影响.结果表明:在挤出成型中聚乳酸主要发生力化学降解和热降解,以力化学降解形式为主.所发生的热降解随实验温度升高而加强.首次挤出成型使分子量下降明显.在180℃和210℃,聚乳酸分子量在首次挤出成型后分别下降了49.33%和60.80%.挤出成型使聚乳酸热分解温度和熔点略有升高.随着挤出成型次数增加,增加剪切应力可以更有效地增加熔体流动性.聚乳酸经3次以上挤出成型后基本没有再利用价值.     

High-pressure synthesis and properties of CeO2-ZrO2 solid solution

Using nanoparticles of CeO₂ and ZrO₂ prepared by the chemical precipitation method as starting materials, the singlephase cubic Ce_0.5Zr_0.5O₂ solid solution (cCe_0.5Zr_0.5O₂) has been synthesized under 3.1 GPa at 1073 K for the first time. The structure of the c-Ce_0.5Zr_0.5O₂ has not been changed before and after annealing at 773 K for 1 h. Only an unknown EPR signal (g =1.990) has been observed in the c-Ce_0.5Zr_0.5O₂ and not varied after annealing at 773 K for 1 h, which exhibited that there exists no Ce³⁺ in the c-Ce_0.5Zr_0.5O₂ and the Ce⁴⁺ has not been reduced into Ce³⁺ after annealing. The transport mechanism is ionic for the c-Ce_0.5Zr_0.5O₂. The bulk conductivity (σ =1.2 ×10⁻⁵ S/cm at 823 K, σ=2.1 × 10⁻³ S/cm at 1123 K) is the same as that of CeO₂, but smaller than that of Y₂O₃-stabilized ZrO₂. A marked curvature at T = 823 K has been observed in the Arrhenius plot of the bulk conductivity. The activation energy below 823 K is lower than that above 823 K, and the reason has been discussed.     

铝型材挤压成形过程数值模拟的研究现状及发展

介绍了铝型材挤压过程数值模拟的基本理论，包括描述流体运动的方法、材料模型及本构关系、控制微分方程等。分析了有限元法和有限体积法在铝型材挤压过程数值模拟中的应用现状，发现有限体积法由于采用欧拉描述，能避免网格畸变及重划而具有技术优势，并开始受到重视，提出了有限元法及有限体积法在铝型材挤压过程数值模拟中应用的研究重点及发展趋势．