北疆大气降水水汽源识别及其对地下水补给的指示意义

 大气降水是水循环的输入项,其同位素特征是示踪水汽来源及运动路径的有效工具。利用北疆4个大气降水观测站的同位素数据,结合HYSPLIT模式,重点分析了北疆大气降水同位素特征。区域大气降水线方程δD=7.3δ¹⁸O+3.5,反映了新疆独特的干旱气候环境。受不同降水水汽来源影响,天山及阿勒泰2个地区降水同位素特征表现不同。天山地区受西风带水汽季节性漂移的影响,氘盈余夏季低冬季高,成“V”型;阿勒泰地区常年受北冰洋水汽影响,氘盈余年内变幅不明显。尽管δ¹⁸O均表现为夏季富集、冬季贫化,但多年均值差异明显,该差异也使得利用同位素确定地下水补给来源成为可能。准东盆地东天山附近地下水主要受到来自东天山的大气降水补给,而北侧自流区地下水同位素相对贫化,与阿勒泰站大气降水同位素及氘盈余特征相似,结合地形、水文地质条件等特征,认为该区主要受克拉美丽山大气降水补给。     

川西地区中二叠统-下三叠统碳酸盐岩碳氧同位素特征

 针对川西地区中二叠统-下三叠统碳酸盐岩,通过分析3 个剖面的碳氧同位素数据,计算Z 值及古温度,并结合沉积相、古生物等,对该区域碳酸盐岩碳氧同位素演化特征及古环境进行了系统研究。结果表明,川西地区中二叠统-下三叠统碳酸盐岩的δ¹³C 值为-3.90‰~2.80‰,主要值域为-2.80‰~2.80‰,均值为-0.04‰;δ¹⁸O 值为-9.70‰~-1.80‰,主要值域为-8‰~-4‰,均值为-6.60‰。研究区古环境基本处于海相环境,东北边缘水体相对较深,西南边缘水体相对较浅,海水温度为8.8~68.4℃,主要值域为16~33℃,属于温暖或炎热的亚热带气候,经历了栖霞期-茅口期、吴家坪期-长兴期、飞仙关期-嘉陵江期3 次大的海平面变化旋回,且其间各有若干次次级旋回。     

被遗忘的元素用字——氜、氪、氲

20世纪初,中国早期科技工作者在介绍国外新发现的元素时,会用新造字来代表。有些新造字成为学科规范,也有一些早已被人淡忘。文章回顾了三个天文相关元素的新造字的使用和流传情况,发现它们并没有得到应有的认可。这直接影响到科技史和科技术语的现代表达,是有待解决的历史遗留问题。     

S同位素示踪热液矿床成矿物质来源综述

具有明显分馏效应的硫同位素以各种含硫物种广泛赋存于热液成矿作用过程中,因此硫同位素成为示踪热液矿床成矿物质来源的主要方法之一。本文在总结前人研究基础上,综述了应用硫同位素在研究热液矿床成矿物质来源问题上的多解性,认为硫同位素示踪应用须在了解热液矿床地质前提下,准确区分成矿期次,判别硫同位素分馏平衡状态,结合Ohmoto模式才可以准确赋予同位素的地质意义。     

Comparison of the carbon isotope composition of total organic carbon and long-chain n-alkanes from surface soils in eastern China and their significance

Surface soil samples collected over a high spatial resolution in eastern China were analyzed for carbon isotope composition(δ 13C) of total organic carbon(TOC) and higher plant-derived long-chain n-alkanes,with the latter reported as weighted mean values.The two sets of δ 13C values are significantly correlated and show similar trends in spatial variation.The spatial distribution of δ 13C shows less negative values in the mid-latitudes between 31°N and 40°N and more negative ones at higher and lower latitudes.This is consistent with previously reported carbon isotope data from surface soil phytoliths in the same region and suggests that the mid-latitude area provides relatively favorable growing conditions for C4 plants.Furthermore,δ 13C values of both TOC and long-chain n-alkanes from 12 surface soil samples collected from a small grassland in north China displayed similar carbon isotope values and the difference between paired δ 13C of a soil samples remains relatively constant.Our data demonstrate that in eastern China,soil δ 13C composition of both TOC and long-chain n-alkanes is effective indicators of C3/C4 ratios of the prevailing vegetation.This work suggests that -22‰ and -32‰ are good estimated end members for the weighted mean δ 13C values of long-chain n-alkanes(C27,C29 and C31 n-alkanes) from soils under dominant C4 or C3 vegetation,allowing us to reconstruct paleovegetation trends.     

广西凤山县鸳鸯泉水文地质成因探讨

【目的】研究凤山县鸳鸯泉的水文地质成因,为鸳鸯泉这一地质奇观提出科学的解释。【方法】根据实地调查和现场试验,结合地层岩性、地质构造以及岩溶发育情况,查明鸳鸯泉的岩溶水文地质条件;根据地下水示踪试验,确定鸳鸯泉的源头和主要的岩溶含水介质类型,并通过稳定氢氧同位素和钙锶比(Ca/Sr)分析,研究管道介质岩溶大泉的补径排过程和水循环特征。【结果】鸳鸯泉的源头为年里落水洞补给的外源水,公塘和母塘两个出口的主径流管道基本一致;鸳鸯泉具有以岩溶管道为主的含水介质特征,以及快速流的补给、径流和排泄过程。这种水文地质现象的成因与管道流集中排泄的方式有关。【结论】鸳鸯泉同属于一个管道系统,管道流的两个出口在水循环速度上存在差异,相比公塘,母塘具有较短的径流途径和较快的更新速率。     

Age and genesis of the Myanmar jadeite: Constraints from U-Pb ages and Hf isotopes of zircon inclusions

Myanmar jadeite (jadeitite) is well known for its economical value and distinctive tectonic locality within the collisional belt between India and Eurasian plates. However, it is less studied for its genesis and geodynamic implications due to precipitous topography, adverse weather and local military conflicts in the area. By means of combined ICP-MS and LA-MC-ICPMS techniques, we have carried out in-situ trace elements, U-Pb and Lu-Hf isotopes for zircon inclusions in a piece of jadeite gem sample. CL imaging suggests that the zircons are metasomatic in origin, and contain mineral inclusions of jadeite and omphacite. Seventy-five analyses on 16 grains of the zircons yield a U-Pb age of 158 ± 2 Ma. The Myanmar zircons differ from other types in that they have no significant Eu anomalies despite high HREE concentrations. Measured ¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf ratios range from 0.282976 to 0.283122, with an average value of 0.283066 ± 7; ε_Hf(t) value of 13.8 ± 0.3 (n=75). These results indicate that the Myanmar jadeite was formed in the Late Jurassic, probably by interaction of fluid released from subducted oceanic slab with mantle wedge. Therefore, its formation has no genetic relationship to the continental collision between Indian and Euroasian plates. Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 40673039) and the Science Plan Foundation of Guangdong (Grant No. 2007B031200005)     

峨眉山柿子坪热田地下水碳氧同位素特征初步研究

在峨眉山柿子坪热田地质调查及热水勘探过程中 ,采用了碳、氧同位素地球化学方法 ,结果发现不同成因类型的地下水其碳、氧同位素组成特征各不相同 ,为查明地下热水的形成条件提供了重要依据 ,表明用地下水中 HCO-3 的碳、氧同位素组成来研究地下热水系的发育特征是有前景的     

华南晚泥盆世腕足动物壳体保存状况及其氧碳同位素比较研究

对华南湘中地区上泥盆统弗拉/法门(F/F)界线附近的几种腕足动物化石壳体结构所进行的详细研究表明,其原始结构主要表现为两种类型：一是具有棱柱状第三层,二是缺失棱柱状第三层。基于壳体保存程度的详细分析,以阴极发光程度、壳体显微结构为参数建立了壳体成岩作用改造程度的量化模式,经化石壳体氧、碳同位素值的验证,这一模式基本可以用来对不同保存环境下的样品进行筛选。在对比研究中发现,以无洞贝目(Atrypida)为代表的具有柱状第三层结构的样品不仅在保存状况上优于只具有纤维层结构的壳体,而且其氧、碳同位素数值的分布也较为集中,从而说明无洞贝目的壳体是进行氧、碳同位素研究较为理想的材料。     

降雨入渗条件下土壤水同位素变化实验

 通过输入比初始土壤水富集轻同位素且同位素组成稳定的降雨进行室内降雨入渗实验,研究土壤水氢氧同位素在土壤中变化情况。实验结果表明,降雨在入渗过程中,降雨同位素与初始土壤水同位素发生混合稀释,出流同位素组成随时间减小,最后趋于稳定,接近降雨同位素组成;出流氢氧同位素关系线斜率由以初始土壤水和降雨同位素组成为端点的混合线斜率决定;通过曲线拟合出流同位素随时间的变化函数关系,确定其传递函数分布为指数-活塞流模型分布,且氢同位素和氧同位素的传递函数相同。