Host selection of Helicoverpa armigera and H. assulta and its inheritance

The difference in host selection between the polyphagous Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) and the oligophagous H. assulta Quenée was examined, with cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) (hosts of H. armigera), tobacco (Nicotiana tobaccum) (host of both H. armigera and H. assulta), and bush redpepper (Capsicum frutescens) (host of H. assulta) as testing plants. A multiple-choice test was used with caged plant cuttings for adult oviposition and with leaf discs for larval feeding. A no-choice test was run for evaluating larval growth rate. The results indicated that the relationship between larval performance and adult preference of H. assulta was more conspicuous than that of H. armigera. Reciprocal hybridization between H. armigera and H. assulta followed by backcrossing of the hybrids (F1) with H. armigera was also carried out for genetic study on host selection of these two insect species. A two-choice test with cotton and bush redpepper leaf discs showed that H. armigera larvae preferred to feed on cotton, and H. assulta larvae to bush redpepper; feeding preferences of the two F1 lines were intermediate between those of their parents, but close to that of their female parent; preference indexes of backcross lines also showed that both maternal factor and chromosomal inheritance were involved in feeding selection of two Helicoverpa species.     

沿江棉区棉田棉铃虫卵的空间格局

对安徽沿江棉田棉铃虫卵的空间分布动态规律进行了调查研究,结果表明棉铃虫卵在棉田的聚集程度随发生代次而逐渐增强,发现不同代次虫口密度相同对理论抽样数明显不同,提出了沿江各代估值调查中的理论抽样数,并对几种空间格局模型拟合棉铃虫的空间分布情况作了比较。     

农药生物测定新方法的研究Ⅰ.几种有机溶剂对中国棉铃虫(Heliothis armigera)细胞生长的影响

将溶解蓝紫色结晶物（Ｆｏｒｍａｚａｎ）的溶剂改为ｐＨ４．５的３％ＳＤＳ异丙醇,实验结果更为准确、可靠．用改进的ＭＴＴ方法研究了丙酮、二甲亚砜、Ｎ,Ｎ－二甲基甲酰胺、乙酸乙酯、乙醇、二甲苯等有机溶剂对中国棉铃虫细胞系（ＢＣＩＲＬ－ＨＡ－ＡＭＩ）生长的影响,结果表明,除二甲苯外,用０．５％浓度（体积比）处理２４ｈ,其细胞存活率与空白对照无显著差异;１％浓度时,其细胞存活率仍在９０％以上,依次为：９５．８％,９２．５％,９４．６％,９１．３％,１１１％．乙醇在１％～２％时,其ＯＤ值高于对照ＯＤ值     

棉铃虫滞育解除的相关基因鉴定

运用差异显示PCR(DD-PCR)方法分析棉铃虫滞育解除蛹差异表达的基因,结果得到了56个差异片段.通过RT-PCR和Real-time PCR的方法,鉴定了滞育解除过程中有3个基因表达量在下调,有4个基因表达量在上调.这7个差异表达基因中有3个和已知的基因有较高的同源性:FKBP12,esr16和NADH dehydrogenase 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 6.这些差异基因为今后研究滞育解除的分子机制提供了新的线索.     

淮北棉区主要捕食性天敌类群的发生及对棉铃虫种群的控制作用

通过调查研究表明棉田捕生天敌由于化学农药的使用减少了39．3％ －63．0％,农田生态系中龟纹瓢虫、食虫蝽发生消长与棉铃虫之间相关性较强,分别组建了棉田、玉米田二代棉铃虫自然种群以作用因子为组分的生命表,分析结果表明捕食性天敌及其它非寄生因子的排除控制作用指数为62－106。     

Interspecific hybridization ofHelicoverpa armigera andH. assulta (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Reciprocal hybridization between Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) and H. assulta Guenee followed by backcrossing of the hybrids (F₁) with H. armigera produced backcross (BC) lines consisting of fertile females and males. The F₁ of H. armigera female and H. assulta male had only male, no female sex. In this case Haldane’s rule applies, and therefore it is proved that the sex chromosomes of Helicoverpa species are of ZW type, and the female is the heterozygous sex. This hybrid also showed significant heterosis with the heaviest pupal weight, and when it was backcrossed with H. armigera female, the sex ratio of the BC offspring was distorted as 1∶4. The potential utilization of this hybrid in genetic controlling H. armigera was finally discussed.     

Tissue-specific expression of glutathione S-transferases induced by 2-tridecanone or quercetin in cotton bollworms, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner)

The tissue-specific expression of glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) in the cotton bollworm and the expression level induced by 2-tridecanone and quercetin were examined using the methods of biochemistry and the quantitative PCR. The relative expression level of GST mRNA was unanimous with the GSTs activity conjugaging with 1-chloro-2, 4-dimitro-benzene (CDNB) in fat bodies, midguts, heads and integuments of cotton bollworms. The GSTs activity in fat bodies was the highest, then midguts, heads and integuments in turn, which was in consistent with the relative expression level of GST mRNA. The specific activity of GSTs and the relative expression level of GST mRNA could be significantly induced by 2-tridecanone and quercetin, and after the induction the order of the GSTs activity and the relative expression level of GST mRNA in the above four tissues in cotton bollworms was not different from the control. The induction of GSTs by 2-tridecanone was stronger than by quercetin in all four tissues, which was in accordance with the relative expression level of GST mRNA. It suggested that the increase of GSTs activity induced by plant allelochemicals was associated with the elevated expression of GST mRNA in cotton bollworms.     

百日咳毒素对抗性及敏感棉铃虫神经细胞L型钙通道的调制作用

通过催化抑制性G蛋白α亚基(Gαi／o)的ADP核糖基化,百日咳毒素(PTX)使Gαi／o不能活化,继而抑制Gαi／o-腺苷酸环化酶(AC)-cAMP-蛋白激酶A(PKA)-L型电压门控钙(Ca(L)2 )通道．Ca(L)2 通道可能是拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂的靶标．本实验观察了PTX对三氟氯氰菊酯(Cy)抗性及敏感棉铃虫神经细胞Ca(L)2 通道的影响, 以期从Ca(L)2 通道动力学的角度探讨棉铃虫对拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂产生抗性的机制．急性分离并经12-16 h无菌培养3-4龄棉铃虫神经细胞．实验分4组:①Cy敏感组(Cy-S组);②Cy抗性组(Cy-R组);③Cy-S-PTX组; ④Cy-R-PTX组．400 ng／mL PTX加入培养基中．采用全细胞膜片钳技术记录各组,ICa(L)．结果显示:(1)各组 Ca(L)2 通道的激活电压均是-35--30 mV,最大激活电压是0 mV,但Cy-S-PTX组的最大激活电压是 -10 mV;(2)分别与Cy-S组和Cy-R-PTX组峰值电流密度相比,Cy-S-PTX组峰值电流密度分别增高52．06 ％和44．81％(P<0．01),提示Cy-S-PTX组Ca(L)2 通道电导可能增大．Cy-S组和Cy-R组间的峰值电流密度无统计学差异;(3)与Cy-S组相比,Cy-S-PTX组神经细胞Ca(L)2 通道的半数激活电压向超极化方向移动5．1 mV (P<0．05),半数失活电压向超极化方向移动5．93 mV(P<0．05),提示PTX使敏感组神经细胞的Ca(L)2 通道更容易激活和失活;(4)与Cy-R组相比,Cy-R-PTX神经细胞Ca(L)2 通道的半数激活电压几乎未变,半数失活电压向去极化方向移动2．42 mV(P>0．05),提示PTX对抗性组神经细胞的影响不明显;(5)Cy-R组与Cy-S组神经细胞Ca(L)2 通道的半数激活电压和半数失活电压无显著性差异．结果提示:(1)棉铃虫神经细胞存在(Gαi／o)-AC- cAMP-PKA-Ca(L)2 通道信号传导途径;(2)PTX敏感的抑制性Gi／o蛋白的基础活性对棉铃虫神经细胞Ca(L)2 通道有影响;(3)PTX对敏感虫神经细胞的Ca(L)2 通道的影响较对抗性棉铃虫神经细胞Ca(L)2 通道的影响明显,提示抗性棉铃虫对拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂产生抗性的机理可能与其Ca(L)2 通道对Gαi／o-AC-cAMP-PKA-Ca(L)2 通道调控不敏感有关．     

组织蛋白酶B在棉铃虫个体发育过程中的表达及活性研究

运用原位水解电泳、免疫印迹和免疫组织化学等方法系统研究了组织蛋白酶B（HCB）在棉铃虫个体发育过程中的表达及活性变化规律．研究显示,HCB的表达和活性随着胚胎发育的进行逐渐下降;整个幼虫阶段都没有HCB的表达和活性;整个蛹和成虫阶段虽然都有HCB的表达,但HCB的活性只能在发育晚期的蛹和成虫组织中检测到．这些现象表明,HCB的表达和活化属于翻译后控制,同时与棉铃虫的个体发育和组织分化有着密切的关系、     

中国棉铃虫多粒包埋型核多角体病毒几丁质酶基因的研究

中国棉铃虫多粒包埋型核多角体病毒VHA273毒株的几丁质酶基因的开放阅读框大小为1713bp，编码570个氨基酸残基，分子量约60kDa，氨基酸序列分析显示，杆状病毒与原核生物特别是细菌的几丁质酶具高度同源性，暗示杆状病毒的几丁质酶基因与细菌的几丁质酶基因有更为接近的讲化关系，可能源于共同的祖先。