Reconstruction of HaSNPV with helicoverpa hormone receptor 3

In order to develop a more efficient virus for controlling the cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera, Helicoverpa hormone receptor 3 （HHR3）, which is involved in the ecdysteroid regulatory pathway, was used to genetically modify wild HaSNPV. HaSNPV-HHR3 budded virus and occlusion body virus were constructed in three steps： preparation of pFastBacHaPhpP10-HHR3 donor plasmid, transposition of HHR3 into the HaBacHZ8 bacmid, and transfection of HzAM1 cells to get HaSNPV-HHR3 virus.HHR3 was proved to be expressed in the HaSNPV-HHR3 virus infected HzAM1 cells by immunoblotting. Results of bioassay indicated that the body weight of the HaSNPV-HHR3 infected larvae was lower than the larvae infected with wild virus and uninfected normal larvae, which suggests that HaSNPV-HHR3 delayed larval growth.     

不同寄主植物对棉铃虫生长发育影响因素的分析

为了探索棉花叶片、加工番茄叶片、加工番茄青果和加工番茄红果对棉铃虫幼虫生长发育的影响,测定棉花叶片和加工番茄的果实等组织器官的主要物质含量,分析影响棉铃虫幼虫生长发育的因素。结果表明:以加工番茄叶片饲喂的棉铃虫上幼虫发育历期最短16.04 d、幼虫存活率最高54.44%,蛹羽化率最高83.58%,以加工番茄红果发育历期最长26.17 d,幼虫成活率最低3.67%,蛹羽化率最低0.00%。因此,4种食料中棉铃虫的适合度为:加工番茄叶片棉花叶片加工番茄青果加工番茄红果。棉花叶片、加工番茄叶片和果实中的营养成分差异较大,其中加工番茄叶片的可溶性蛋白含量最高为15.14%、C/N为0.91;加工番茄红果可溶性蛋白含量最低为3.04%、C/N为9.65。因此,植物组织内的可溶性糖含量低、C/N小、含水量和可溶性蛋白含量高有利于棉铃虫生长发育。     

Commercial production of transgenic Bt insect-resistant cotton varieties and the resistance management for bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera Hubner)

There are currently three kinds of transgenic Bt insect-resistant cotton germplasm lines, Shanxi 94-24, Zhongxin 94 and R19, in China. They showed high resistance to the neonate larvae of bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera). Transgenic Bt insect-resistant cotton varieties or hybrids have been bred using the three kinds of germplasm lines as parents. Our researches reveal that there exist different expressions in resistant level at different developmental stages in the three categories of germplasm lines. When neonate larvae are fed with leaves of cotton plant at the seeding stage with less than 10 leaves on the main stem, the mortality of the neonate larvae is 100%, but the resistance level will decline at later season. When Bt gene has been transferred to the cotton genome, it can be steadily transferred to the progeny, the level of resistance to bollworm keeps fundamentally uniform. Such insects as tobacco budworm (Heliothis virencens) in laboratory directive selection are very apt to produce resistance to the Bt insecticidal crystal protein. From the present crop system of cotton region in the Yangtze and Yellow River Valleys, and the expression characteristic of transgenic Bt resistant cotton, we suggest that the resistance to toxin protein in bollworm is not apt to be produced if the transgenic Bt insect-resistant cotton varieties are released and grown in the regions except in the Xinjiang cotton region. The managing strategies to delay or retard the resistance are discussed.     

棉铃虫雌性成虫脂肪体cDNA文库的构建

用异硫氰酸胍 酚 氯仿 步法从棉铃虫雌性成虫脂肪体中提取总RNA ,经过Oligo(dT)纤维柱分离出mRNA .以mRNA为模板 ,Oligo(dT)为引物 ,在逆转录酶催化下合成单链cDNA(sscDNA) .然后在E .coliDNA聚合酶Ⅰ与RNaseH共同作用下 ,进一步合成双链cDNA(dscDNA) .平末端dscDNA与EcoRI/NotI接头连接 ,插入λgt11表达载体 ,经体外包装后转染Y10 90 r 宿主菌 ,构建成棉铃虫脂肪体cDNA文库 .该文库的滴度为 3.5× 10 5pfu/mL ,重组率为 10 0 % ,该文库适合于筛选低丰度mRNA的cDNA克隆 .     

含果蝇肌动蛋白基因的重组棉铃虫核型多角体病毒的构建

本实验利用昆虫杆状病毒表达载体，将果蝇肌动蛋白基因5Cactin克隆入杆状病毒表达载体，以棉铃虫单核衣壳核多角体病毒为亲本病毒，在脂质体介导下共转染棉铃虫细胞，空斑纯化得到重组病毒，以深入研究棉铃虫病毒在入侵、复制及装配过程中，宿主肌动蛋白的动态变化对病毒复制的作用与影响。     

中国棉铃虫核多角体病毒(Heliothis armigera NPV)VHA_(273)毒株血清学性质的研究

运用超速离心和Sepharose 2B或6B柱层析技术,纯化了中国棉铃虫核多角体病毒(HaNPV)VHA273毒株的多角体、多角体蛋白和病毒粒子,并将其作为抗原免疫家免,在0.65%和1%的琼脂糖凝胶中进行了免疫双向扩散与免疫电泳。试验表明,VHA273毒株的多角体蛋白与病毒粒子虽然各自与其同源抗血清产生沉淀反应,但此二者之间并无血清学关系,试验还表明,VHA273毒株(mNPV)感染中国棉铃虫后产生了大量mNPV与少量sNPV,其多粒包埋与单粒包埋的多角体蛋白和病毒粒子,分别具有相同的抗原特性。由此初步认定,VHA273原毒种繁衍的mNPV与sNPV,在血清学性质上是相同的。     

利用松毛虫赤眼蜂防治蕃茄地棉铃虫试验

本试验是为探求松毛虫赤眼蜂在蕃茄地防治棉铃虫的可能性及其效果。通过试验表明:在放蜂区,松毛虫赤眼蜂对棉铃虫卵的寄生率平均为82.3%;蕃茄果实被害率压低到1.60%——2.83%以下。绝对防治效果为70.76%——82.68%,利用松毛虫赤眼蜂防治蕃茄地棉铃虫效果良好。     

Synthesis dynamic and developmental profile of prothoracicotropic hormone between diapause-and nondiapause-destined individuals in Helicoverpa armigera

Biosynthesis and secretion of prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH) of diapause-and nondiapause-destined individuals in Helicoverpa armigera were studied using whole-mount immunocytochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The immunocytochemistry revealed that PTTH is expressed in two pairs of lateral neurosecretory cells of the brain. The presence of immunoreactivity has not significant difference between the brains of the diapause-and nondiapause-destined 6th instar larvae. However,the obvious differences of expressional pattern from day 4 pupae were observed be-tween the two types. PTTH titers in hemolymph from the 6th instar larvae to pharate adults were measured by the ELISA. Although there were similar titer changes between the two types of individuals at the larval stage,a significant difference from developmental expression was detected at the pupal stage,suggesting that the expression and secretion of PTTH does play a crucial role in regulation of pupal diapause of H. armigera.     

Interpretation of the biological species concept from interspecific hybridization of two Helicoverpa species

The biological species concept defines species in terms of interbreeding. Interbreeding between spe-cies is prevented by reproductive isolation mechanisms. Based on our results of interspecific hybridi-zation between Helicoverpa armigera and Helicoverpa assulta, reproductive isolation mechanisms of the two species are analyzed. A combination of prezygotic factors (absent sex attraction and physical incompatibility of the genitalia) and postzygotic factors (female absence and partial sterility in F1 hy-brids) causes reproductive isolation of the two species. In addition, the role of interspecific hybridiza-tion in speciation is discussed.     

Tissue-specific expression of glutathione S-transferases induced by 2-tridecanone or quercetin in cotton bollworms, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner)

The tissue-specific expression of glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) in the cotton bollworm and the expression level induced by 2-tridecanone and quercetin were examined using the methods of biochemistry and the quantitative PCR. The relative expression level of GST mRNA was unanimous with the GSTs activity conjugaging with 1-chloro-2, 4-dimitro-benzene (CDNB) in fat bodies, midguts, heads and integuments of cotton bollworms. The GSTs activity in fat bodies was the highest, then midguts, heads and integuments in turn, which was in consistent with the relative expression level of GST mRNA. The specific activity of GSTs and the relative expression level of GST mRNA could be significantly induced by 2-tridecanone and quercetin, and after the induction the order of the GSTs activity and the relative expression level of GST mRNA in the above four tissues in cotton bollworms was not different from the control. The induction of GSTs by 2-tridecanone was stronger than by quercetin in all four tissues, which was in accordance with the relative expression level of GST mRNA. It suggested that the increase of GSTs activity induced by plant allelochemicals was associated with the elevated expression of GST mRNA in cotton bollworms.